以服务基层为导向的全科医学人才培养模式的探索

当前,我国基层卫生技术人员队伍建设相对滞后,已经成为制约基层卫生机构发展的瓶颈。医学院校充分发挥人才培养职能,积极探索符合基层医疗服务特点的全科医生培养模式,对推动我国基层医疗卫生服务质量的提高,促进我国医药卫生体制改革的深化具有重要作用。本文对现阶段我国全科医学人才培养中存在的问题进行了分析,介绍了开展全科医学教育的重要意义,并结合辽宁医学院的工作实践,提出了以服务基层为导向的全科医学人才培养的建议和措施。     

新政治经济学视野下的媒体偏误及其治理

信息化时代的新闻媒体对社会政治经济生活的作用日益重要,媒体报道在很大程度上影响着个人决策。但是,由于受到不同利益主体的多重影响,媒体报道可能偏离真相或客观认知,产生媒体偏误。通过分析新闻报道从生产到受众的过程及各利益主体的特征所构建的新政治经济学研究框架,可以为认识媒体偏误提供更好的分析范式。媒体偏误治理的关键是设计合理的媒体信息供给及处理的匹配关系,使理性读者可以通过更新信息在有偏报道中不断接近真相。     

中国应急管理结构变化及其理论概化

在系统思维的意义上,中国应急管理实践存在着社会变迁、治理转型、政府架构、政策体系、运行机制五个维度的内在结构。以2003年"非典"疫情至2013年"芦山地震"十年间的重大灾害为研究对象,通过比较案例研究,讨论中国应急管理在这五个尺度上的结构变化。总体来看,中国应急管理结构固化与结构演进并存,目前以结构固化为主,但也存在推动结构演进的动力。通过归纳逻辑和类比方式,可以对中国应急管理的结构固化进行理论概化,提出"彗星"结构与"彗尾"效应,形成关于中国应急管理结构变化的理论命题。中国应急管理脱离结构单独推进是陷入目前发展困境的根本原因,因此,中国应急管理的发展需要回归结构,顺势而为,推动应急管理的结构演进。     

A Systems Approach to Social Entrepreneurship

Currently, disabilities organizations are increasingly being challenged by the requirement for individualized service, expectations to show personal outcomes, and the need to base their services on evidence-based practices. Social entrepreneurship (SE) is being put forward as an innovative approach for dealing with these challenges. This article presents a systems approach to SE based on a program logic model. This model identifies the input factors (a strong social vision, exploiting opportunities, maximizing resources), throughput strategies (entrepreneurial orientation, critical thinking skills, networking, capacity building), and outcome components (improving people’s lives, community-building, improving society) of SE at the micro, meso, and macro level. Also, the importance of planning for contextual changes as a social entrepreneur is discussed. The article concludes with presenting three inspiring practices regarding SE in the field of disabilities organizations.     

A socio-ecological perspective of urban green networks: the Stockholm case

Landscape fragmentation threatens habitats, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. In tackling this threat, the dynamic processes of social-ecological systems should be recognised and understood. Although network analysis based on graph theory has been recognised as an efficient way of spatially understanding landscape or habitat connectivity, only few studies have offered specific approaches or suggestions for integrating detailed social-ecological values into geographical distributions. As a contribution to bridging this gap, this paper introduces a social-ecological network model for the issue of landscape or habitat fragmentation applied to the case of Stockholm, Sweden. Graph theory was used in combination with sociotope and biotope maps for simple visualisation of network situations in two-dimensional maps. The European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus), European common toad (Bufo bufo) and human beings were selected as indicator species, based on a landscape ecology analysis in Stockholm Municipality in 2009. Slope, land use and human disturbance maps were assessed in order to decide cost values of travelling from node to node. Lease-cost-path accumulation was used to create ideal reference maps of green networks. Three separate maps were then developed for suggesting efficient routes for three indicators in city scale that mainly connect from the Royal National City Park to the other parts of the city. The model in Hjorthagen neighbourhood to highlight two practical paths that link this fragmented community to its neighbouring park areas. Findings make it possible to address two scales of network improvement strategies, namely first for the city-scale green network that connects geographical habitats (nodes) and the regional green wedges of the city, and the second that of neighbourhood links between habitats in detailed layers of green networks. Strategic improvement potentials are presented based on ideal reference maps of green networks correspondingly.     

集体记忆与老字号的商道传承——以“义顺”商号为例

建号于1925年的“义顺”商号发展历程表明,老字号企业商道形成的过程也是老字号集体记忆内容的建构过程.老字号企业的集体记忆,既在社会环境中创造集体认同感,连接过去获得老字号商道的传承,又在群体的框架中去创新,重新建构老字号商道的时代性.老字号的商道传承,可以用集体记忆的时间机制实现商道的代际传递,用集体记忆的空间机制实现商道影响力的扩大,用集体记忆的升华机制实现商道从言行到制度、从制度到文化的转化,用集体记忆的强化机制不断重复商道,使得商道在实践中稳定延续和发展.     

Hamiltonian numbers in oriented graphs

A hamiltonian walk of a digraph is a closed spanning directed walk with minimum length in the digraph. The length of a hamiltonian walk in a digraph D is called the hamiltonian number of D, denoted by h(D). In Chang and Tong (J Comb Optim 25:694–701, 2013), Chang and Tong proved that for a strongly connected digraph D of order n, \(n\le h(D)\le \lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor \), and characterized the strongly connected digraphs of order n with hamiltonian number \(\lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor \). In the paper, we characterized the strongly connected digraphs of order n with hamiltonian number \(\lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor -1\) and show that for any triple of integers n, k and t with \(n\ge 5\), \(n\ge k\ge 3\) and \(t\ge 0\), there is a class of nonisomorphic digraphs with order n and hamiltonian number \(n(n-k+1)-t\).     

“BOT+TOD”轨道交通投融资模式初探——以佛山市地铁二号线为例

近年来,我国城市轨道交通进入快速发展阶段,城市轨道交通的快速发展需要巨大的资金支撑,传统城市轨道交通投融资方式已经难以为继。本文从城市轨道交通TOD发展模式出发,分析"BOT+TOD"投融资模式的特点及其总体方案,并且以佛山市地铁二号线为例,提出"BOT+TOD"的具体实施路径与操作方法,为市政公用基础设施投融资体制改革、创新轨道交通投融资模式、土地管理制度的改革提供借鉴。通过此创新投融资模式在我国城市轨道交通中的成功运用,改善融资困难局面,促进我国城市轨道交通持续快速发展。     

智库的大众传播操作：由胡佛研究所引申

智库要实现影响舆论、进而影响公共政策的目的,首先必须通过各种大众传播工具对外宣传推广其研究人员和研究成果,使其得到公众的认可。世界著名智库胡佛研究所通过对现代大众传播技术的充分合理运用,进一步提高了其在美国及世界上的地位和影响力,其成功经验,值得我国智库学习借鉴。     

社会网络与女性职业性别隔离

社会学理论认为,人们的社会网络具有性别偏好,这导致了男女求职结果的性别分化,并部分地解释了职业的性别隔离问题。本文根据2009年8大城市调查数据,分析了我国城市女性的职业性别隔离在何等程度上受社会网络的影响。分析结果表明:8大城市在职者的社会网络具有性别同质化倾向,女性和男性更多地与同性亲朋交往;使用强关系成功求职的女性往往进入性别隔离的女性职业;使用弱关系成功求职的女性能摆脱职业性别隔离趋向,进入中性职业或男性职业。