吐蕃民族关系思想初探——以吐蕃与唐朝关系为例

吐蕃赞普松赞干布在多种因素影响下,其思想由以武力威逼唐朝转变为"渐慕华风",主动表示愿意为唐朝贡献自己的力量。弃隶蹜赞在《请修好表》、《请约和好书》和《献皇帝书》等三份上书中,强调了互信在民族关系中的重要作用,提出了"同为一家"的观点。乞立赞的"三恨",为修复吐蕃与唐朝的关系奠定了思想基础;从吐蕃大相尚结赞与唐朝会盟于清水到平凉劫盟,标志着双方关系的逆转,反映了尚结赞复杂的心路历程。长庆会盟是吐蕃与唐朝关系的重大转折点,可黎可足在盟文中所确立的"偃兵息人"、"患难相恤"的路线,既是对清水之盟"固结邻好,安危同体"的继承和发扬,也成为吐蕃处理与唐朝关系的指导思想。     

经济周期波动、危机与管控实践及理论再研究——科学管控观与目前中国克服危机的途径及依据

资本经济周期性危机的社会经济根源始终是相对需求不足,虽然引爆的具体原因不同。世界经济一体化发展的结果使危机的同步性提高,因此高贸易依存度使中国不可能独善其身。经济周期包括危机、萧条、复苏、高涨四个一般阶段,而危机阶段又包括九个段落,并与金融危机密切相关。认识危机、认识中国自身优劣,才能克服危机。但是,克服危机还需要马克思主义学派的正确理论指导,需要基于中国实践选择突破口和经济杠杆。     

图画见精神——论唐代咏画诗中马、鹰、松的文化蕴涵

在唐人咏画的诗歌中,对马、鹰、松等绘画作品表现出特别的感情.一方面,这是盛及唐代的养马乘骑及蓄养鹰犬之风的反映.另一方面,盛唐人从骏马和苍鹰的文化蕴涵中发现了最适于他们抒发激越情感的内客.他们常借助咏叹画家的鹰、马作品,歌唱自己的宏伟理想,展示自己的豪迈胸怀.而中晚唐诗人咏画松的热情更高一些,他们已不再局限于盛唐时期注重对画面中松树的各式逼真形态的摹写,太多都是寄意于画外,从松树的画中形态联想到其画外精神,将画松的文化蕴涵与士子们的人格品性相照应.唐人的这些咏画诗篇,既反映了当时画界的繁盛状况,也借以展示了诗人的精神寄托.这种寄托不仅是承继发扬了我国长期以来赋予在马、鹰、松等物象上的文化蕴涵,更主要的是透过不同时期诗人的吟咏爱好及审美取向,我们可以看到不同时代士人的精神崇尚.     

从"遣有"到"即有"——论玄言诗转入山水诗的内在理路

玄言诗的产生与作为具体物象的山水有内在联系,但玄言诗所体现的责无贱有思想又隐含着理论上的危机和实际操作的困难.针对"遣有"和"涉无"的矛盾,孙绰提出了"泯色空以合迹,忽即有而得玄"的解决之道,一方面实现了由被动"遣有"到了主动"即有"的审美态度的转变,另一方面,直觉观物方式也解决了"即有"如何"得玄"的审美体验问题,由此形成了玄言诗转入山水诗的契机.山水诗的出现是玄学发展的必然结果,由玄言诗转入山水诗实际上体现了体玄者由外部脱落山水形相到从主观内心超越山水形相思路的转变.     

A socio-ecological perspective of urban green networks: the Stockholm case

Landscape fragmentation threatens habitats, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. In tackling this threat, the dynamic processes of social-ecological systems should be recognised and understood. Although network analysis based on graph theory has been recognised as an efficient way of spatially understanding landscape or habitat connectivity, only few studies have offered specific approaches or suggestions for integrating detailed social-ecological values into geographical distributions. As a contribution to bridging this gap, this paper introduces a social-ecological network model for the issue of landscape or habitat fragmentation applied to the case of Stockholm, Sweden. Graph theory was used in combination with sociotope and biotope maps for simple visualisation of network situations in two-dimensional maps. The European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus), European common toad (Bufo bufo) and human beings were selected as indicator species, based on a landscape ecology analysis in Stockholm Municipality in 2009. Slope, land use and human disturbance maps were assessed in order to decide cost values of travelling from node to node. Lease-cost-path accumulation was used to create ideal reference maps of green networks. Three separate maps were then developed for suggesting efficient routes for three indicators in city scale that mainly connect from the Royal National City Park to the other parts of the city. The model in Hjorthagen neighbourhood to highlight two practical paths that link this fragmented community to its neighbouring park areas. Findings make it possible to address two scales of network improvement strategies, namely first for the city-scale green network that connects geographical habitats (nodes) and the regional green wedges of the city, and the second that of neighbourhood links between habitats in detailed layers of green networks. Strategic improvement potentials are presented based on ideal reference maps of green networks correspondingly.     

A Systems Approach to Social Entrepreneurship

Currently, disabilities organizations are increasingly being challenged by the requirement for individualized service, expectations to show personal outcomes, and the need to base their services on evidence-based practices. Social entrepreneurship (SE) is being put forward as an innovative approach for dealing with these challenges. This article presents a systems approach to SE based on a program logic model. This model identifies the input factors (a strong social vision, exploiting opportunities, maximizing resources), throughput strategies (entrepreneurial orientation, critical thinking skills, networking, capacity building), and outcome components (improving people’s lives, community-building, improving society) of SE at the micro, meso, and macro level. Also, the importance of planning for contextual changes as a social entrepreneur is discussed. The article concludes with presenting three inspiring practices regarding SE in the field of disabilities organizations.     

大学英语框架下的ESP课程实践:“土建英语”为例

基于国内外ESP课程研究的理论梳理,以"土建英语"课程为例探讨大学英语体系内ESP课程实施中的课程需求分析、课程设置、教材、师资、教学方法及教学反馈等系列问题,为相关课程研究提供新视角,并为该领域的后续研究提出思考方向.     

2003年鲁迅研究论文综述

20 0 3年鲁迅作品研究大都集中在《呐喊》《彷徨》 ,有关《故乡》论述是一个热点 ,严家炎对之作了理论提升。《故事新编》研究侧重在创作历程及文类研究。《野草》研究大都仍在探讨哲学意味。杂文研究钱理群、李林荣颇多创获。思想研究大多集中在对于国民性、立人思想、文化传统、文艺思潮、文学启蒙、生命哲学、当下意义及现实可能等的解读 ,分别以杨联芬、俞兆平、郭预衡、支克坚、葛红兵、阎真、高远东的文章为代表。史料研究大多围绕鲁迅死因所引起的争论 ,佚文研究所取得的最大成就当属鲁迅致杨之华信的披露和发表。鲁迅与翻译、学术、美术、医学等其他层面的研究亟需引起注意。     

杜甫处世为人特征论略

杜甫被公认为中国古代影响最大的诗人,主要源于为诗、为人两个方面．本文由其处世为人角度切入,对其思想基础、处世表现及其真实自我面貌进行了分析阐释．在对杜甫充分肯定的同时,也对其为人处世的某些表现提出了新的看法,意在为全面正确地认识杜甫提供一些借鉴．     

谈大型超市的防火管理

随着经济的发展和人民物质文化生活的提高,各种类型的超市如雨后春笋般出现在闹市和大街小巷,特别是大型和特大型超市在极大地满足了群众购物需要的同时,也蕴涵着重大的火灾隐患。本文针对大型超市的防火提出了应对措施。