企业能力、竞争强度与对外直接投资动机——基于重庆摩托车企业的多案例研究

本文运用多案例研究方法,选取四家重庆摩托车企业的八次对外直接投资案例,对企业能力、竞争强度如何影响企业对外直接投资动机的形成进行了探讨.研究发现,我国摩托车企业的对外直接投资动机主要表现为寻求海外市场.当企业不具备技术相关能力和市场相关能力的相对优势,面临竞争者增多、价格竞争增强的情况时,企业容易产生防御型市场寻求的对外直接投资动机,并且如果主要竞争者已在目标市场投资,更容易促发企业形成这类动机.当企业具备技术相关能力和市场相关能力的相对优势,同时又面临竞争者增多、价格竞争增强的情况时,企业容易产生进攻型市场寻求的对外直接投资动机,并且如果主要竞争者尚未在目标市场投资,更容易促发企业形成这类动机.     

乡村振兴战略下涉藏农村地区体育公共服务精准突破路径研究

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法等研究方法,围绕乡村振兴实施战略,以“二十字”总要求为切入点,阐述乡村振兴中农 村体育公共服务的重要性,根据涉藏农村地区的地域特殊性和复杂性,分析提升体育公共服务的困境,找准问题,精准施策。 由此得出:深入挖掘整理藏民族体育文化,打造文体旅融合经济链,实现产业兴旺;绿色低碳,打造生态宜居乡镇;推崇价值引 导,提升文明乡风民风;找准突破点,调整平衡度,做到治理有效;转变价值取向,实现生活富裕等提升体育公共服务的精准突 破路径。 通过涉藏农村地区体育公共服务治理现代化,作为乡村振兴的突破口之一,找准资源利用,提高服务标准,扩大内 需,逐步满足农民日益增长的体育需求,最终实现乡村振兴的体育公共服务振兴战略目标。     

Balancing Revenues and Repair Costs under Partial Information about Product Reliability

We consider the problem faced by a company selling a product with warranty and under partial information about the product reliability. The product can fail from multiple failure types, each of which is associated with an inherently different repair cost. If the product fails within the warranty duration, then the company is required to pay the repair cost. The company does not know the probabilities associated with different failure types, but it learns the failure probabilities as sales occur and failure information is accumulated. If the failure probabilities turn out to be too high and it becomes costly to fulfill the warranty coverage, then the company may decide to stop selling the product, possibly replacing it with a more reliable alternative. The objective is to decide if and when to stop. By formulating the problem as a dynamic program with Bayesian learning, we establish structural properties of the optimal policy. Since computing the optimal policy is intractable due to the high dimensional state space, we propose two approximation methods. The first method is based on decomposing the problem by failure types and it provides upper bounds on the value functions. The second method provides lower bounds on the value functions and it is based on a deterministic approximation. Computational experiments indicate that the policy from the first method provides noticeable benefits, especially when it is difficult to form good estimates of the failure probabilities quickly.     

Linking perceived organizational support with employee work outcomes in a Chinese context: Organizational identification as a mediator

Perceived organizational support (POS) is viewed as an important explanatory framework for understanding the relationship between employees and the workplace, and is regarded by some researchers as central in understanding job-related attitudes and behaviors of employees. However, less research has taken into account the role of organizational identification, which reflects how individuals define the self with respect to their organization, as a potential influence on such relationships. Drawing on a cross-organizational sample of 238 subordinate-supervisor dyads from the People’s Republic of China, we examined whether organizational identification mediates the effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on work outcomes including turnover intentions, work performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Results from the current study showed that organizational identification fully mediates the relation of POS to OCB-directed to individuals, and partially mediates relations between POS and other work outcomes (turnover intention, work performance, OCB-directed to organization). Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.     

恩施烟地土壤和烤烟团棵期硒含量与分布的研究

对湖北省恩施市几个主要产烟区的烟地土壤的调查分析和对烤烟盆栽试验结果的分析表明,烟地土壤含硒量因土壤母质而异,并与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关,其分布随土壤深度增加而减少;烤烟团棵期含硒量随土壤含硒量和土壤施硒量的增加而增加,并呈现出地下部分大于地上部分的分布规律。     

用Excel统计数值型数据频数分布的三种方法

本文根据两种不同的数据分组方式,分别讨论了利用Excel软件统计数值型数据频数分布的三种基本方法并作了简要评述。     

品牌管理的文化观思考及策略选择

表面上看 ,品牌就是产品的名称 ,但事实上 ,它更多地被注入特定的社会历史条件下人们的价值观念、理想寄托、风俗习惯、民族风情、历史传统等文化内涵。因此 ,在品牌管理中 ,必须重视和提升品牌中的文化内涵。如何以文化锻造品牌 ,挖掘品牌中的文化底蕴 ,恰当而有效地进行品牌的文化定位 ,从而提升品牌的价值 ,是现代品牌管理的核心内容之一 ,也是对品牌的深层次认识。     

《呼啸山庄》“火”“土”“风暴”之象征意蕴

《呼啸山庄》中"火"元素代表女主人公凯瑟琳是一颗狂热、执着且具有自我牺牲精神的不安宁的火种,"土"元素代表男主人公希刺克利夫是一位冷峻、坚忍的荒原骄子,"风暴"象征关乎男女主人公命运的剧变。凯瑟琳用尽全部生命力量为希刺克利夫燃烧,使希刺克利夫逐渐在上层社会获得一席之地。二人虽历经波折、罹苦,却最终获得灵魂的永恒相伴。     

我国少数民族农牧民收入增长的分析

本文利用中国社会科学院经济所收入分配课题组2002年的全国农村家庭调查数据,从微观层面对壮族、回族、维吾尔族、彝族、苗族、满族和其他少数民族在1998~2002年的人均收入增长情况和增长原因进行了分析研究。结果证明,少数民族农牧民的人均收入在1998~2002年是不断增长的,且增长幅度略快于全国的平均水平。少数民族农牧民的教育、所在地区的经济发展水平、劳动力转移状况、生产的自然条件、人口增长等都对人均收入产生了不同程度的影响。     

社会主义各民族共同繁荣发展理论观点创新论析

社会主义各民族共同繁荣发展理论观点,不仅在内容的表述上言简意赅,而且科学地揭示了我国各民族共同繁荣发展过程中,民族和民族关系两种发展趋向的辩证统一规律。这个理论观点是我们党经过长期实践,总结正反两个方面的经验和教训,对我国民族和民族关系发展规律认识的升华。