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11.
The rise in environmental concerns around the globe has prompted increasing research on the links between such concerns and
behavior. However, most studies have focused on pro-environmental behaviors in affluent western societies, such as willingness
to pay for environmental protection, pro-environmental political actions, and consumption patterns. Using multiple data sets
from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal, this paper examines the impact of environmental perceptions on contraceptive
use in a rural agricultural setting. The results of our analyses show that perceptions about certain aspects of the environment
are related to individuals' subsequent use of contraceptives. Specifically, those individuals who think that their environment—agricultural
productivity—has deteriorated are more likely to use contraceptives than those who think that their environment has improved
or has remained about the same. This study thus provides a first step in our understanding of the relationships between environmental
perceptions and fertility behavior in a less developed setting.
Paul Mohai is Professor in The School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan. 相似文献
12.
Massey DS Williams N Axinn WG Ghimire DJ 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2010,48(3):1-41
This paper investigates the relationship between changing community context and out-migration in one of today's poor countries, seeking to document the various mechanisms by which infrastructure affects the migratory behavior. We focus on the expansion of social and physical facilities and services near to rural people's homes, including transportation, new markets, employment, schools, health clinics, and mass media outlets such as movie halls. We draw upon detailed data from Nepal to estimate the hypothesized effects. The direct effects of expanding economic and human capital infrastructure are clearly negative, reducing out-migration. However, increased economic infrastructure is associated with a greater accumulation of human and social capital among respondents and their parents. Through these intervening mechanisms, economic and social infrastructure increased the odds of migrating out. These results reveal the often countervailing nature of short- and long-term effects of economic and social change and the complex pathways influencing migration outcomes. 相似文献
13.
Jessica Pearlman Lisa D. Pearce Dirgha J. Ghimire Prem Bhandari Taylor Hargrove 《Demography》2017,54(4):1425-1449
This study integrates theory and research on household fission (or partition) and migration to better understand living arrangements following marriage, especially in historically patrilocal and primarily agricultural settings. Using panel data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study to analyze the sequential decision-making process that influences men’s living arrangements subsequent to first marriage, we demonstrate the importance of distinguishing among extended family living, temporary migration, and the establishment of an independent household. We find that community economic characteristics, such as access to markets or employment, as well as household wealth affect the initial decision to leave the natal home. Household resources and use of farmland, along with the young men’s own education, media exposure, travel, and marital behavior, influence the decision to make the departure from the natal home permanent. Our findings explain why previous results regarding household fission and those focused on migration have provided such mixed results, and we establish a new framework for thinking about how families and individuals manage living situations. 相似文献
14.
Emotional influences on fertility behaviors are an understudied topic that may offer a clear explanation of why many couples choose to have children even when childbearing is not economically rational. With setting-specific measures of the husband-wife emotional bond appropriate for large-scale population research matched with data from a long-term panel study, we have the empirical tools to provide a test of the influence of emotional factors on contraceptive use to limit fertility. This article presents those tests. We use long-term, multilevel community and family panel data to demonstrate that the variance in levels of husband-wife emotional bond is significantly associated with their subsequent use of contraception to avert births. We discuss the wide-ranging implications of this intriguing new result. 相似文献
15.
The dramatic changes in the earth’s landscape have prompted increased interest in the links between population, land use,
and land cover. Previous research emphasized the notion of population pressure (population pressure increases demands on natural resources causing changes in land use), overlooking the potentially important
effects of changes in land use on humans. Using multiple data sets from the Chitwan Valley Family Study in Nepal, we test
competing hypotheses about the impact of land use on first birth timing. We argue that while agricultural land should encourage
early childbearing, land area devoted to public infrastructure should discourage it. The results show that individuals from
neighborhoods with larger proportions of land under agriculture experienced first birth at rates higher than those from neighborhoods
with smaller proportions. On the other hand, individuals from neighborhoods with larger proportions of land under public infrastructure
experienced first birth at rates lower than those from neighborhoods with smaller proportions. However, the effects of public
infrastructure are not as strong as the land area devoted to agriculture.
相似文献
Dirgha J. GhimireEmail: |
16.
Many scholars have offered structural and ideational explanations for the fertility changes occurring around the world. This
paper focuses on the influence of developmental idealism—a schema or set of beliefs endorsing development, fertility change,
and causal connections between development and fertility. Developmental idealism is argued to be an important force affecting
both population policy and the fertility behavior of ordinary people. We present new survey data from ordinary people in six
countries—Argentina, China, Egypt, Iran, Nepal, and the United States—about the extent to which developmental idealism is
known and believed. We ask individuals if they believe that fertility and development are correlated, that development is
a causal force in changing fertility levels, and that fertility declines enhance the standard of living and intergenerational
relations. We also ask people about their expectations concerning future trends in fertility in their countries and whether
they approve or disapprove of the trends they expect. The data show widespread linkage in the minds of ordinary people between
fertility and development. Large fractions of people in these six settings believe that fertility and development are correlated,
that development reduces fertility, and that declines in fertility foster development. Many also expect and endorse future
declines in fertility. 相似文献
17.
The Neighborhood History Calendar: A Data Collection Method Designed for Dynamic Multilevel Modeling
William G. Axinn Jennifer S. Barber & Dirgha J. Ghimire 《Sociological methodology》1997,27(1):355-392
This paper presents a new data collection method, called the Neighborhood History Calendar, designed to collect event histories of community-level changes over time. We discuss the need for and the uses of this method. We describe issues related to the design of instruments, collection of data, and data entry. We provide detailed examples from an application of this method to the study of marriage, contraception, and fertility in rural Nepal. The paper addresses applications of this same technique to other settings and research problems. We also extend the technique to collection of other forms of contextual-history data, including school histories and health service histories. Finally, we discuss how Geographic Information System (GIS) technology can be used to link together multiple sources of contextual-history data. 相似文献
18.
Epstein Adrienne Treleaven Emily Ghimire Dirgha Jibi Diamond-Smith Nadia 《Population and environment》2022,44(3-4):145-167
Population and Environment - Although the relationship between drought – a dimension of climate change – and migration has been explored in a number of settings, prior research... 相似文献
19.
Around the world, women marry earlier than men, but it is not well understood why this gender gap exists. Using panel data collected in Nepal, the authors investigate whether attitudes about marital timing held by unmarried youth and their parents account for women marrying earlier than men. They also examine whether the influence of timing attitudes differs by gender. On average, unmarried youth and their parents viewed 20 to 25 as acceptable ages for women to marry, whereas ages 23 to 30 were appropriate for men. In turn, women entering the acceptable marriage age range earlier than men accounted for a third of the gender gap in marital timing. The influence of youth and parents' timing attitudes did differ by gender, but only at the extreme. When they were much too young for marriage, both genders were less likely to marry, but this dampening effect was substantially larger for women. 相似文献
20.
We examine the influence of community context on change over time in households’ use of non-wood fuels. Our theoretical framework builds on sociological concepts in order to study energy consumption at the micro-level. The framework emphasizes the importance of nonfamily organizations and services in the local community as determinants of the transition from use of fuelwood to use of alternative fuels. We use multilevel longitudinal data on household fuel choice and community context from rural Nepal to provide empirical tests of our theoretical model. Results reveal that increased exposure to nonfamily organizations in the local community increases the use of alternative fuels. The findings illustrate key features of human impacts on the local environment and motivate greater incorporation of social organization into research on environmental change. 相似文献