拉丁美洲的东亚移民

帝国主义通过扭曲遭受其影响的国家的经济,导致人口迁移与大量移民。19世纪,帝国主义势力渗透到远东的许多国家。在帝国主义与中国的贸易关系中,英国对茶叶的需求量相当大(其次是丝绸),但除了清政府需要的白银外,没有其他可交换的物品。为防止国库的耗尽和平衡贸易条款,英国商人于是寻求扩大中国的鸦片市场。东印度公司首先抢占了这个市场,然后鸦片贸易便被私人企业所垄断。在最大的经销商中,英国的贾丁与马西森公司位列其中(Hanes and Sanello,2002)。中国人的禁烟努力导致了1839—1842年和1856—1860年的两次鸦片战争,中国被迫割让香港给…     

马克思主义的实质简述

对马克思主义实质的认识存在着歧义:有的认为是共产主义学说;有的认为是阶级斗争、无产阶级革命和专政学说。本文认为,马克思主义的实质是人的解放、人的全面自由的发展。而人的本质是自由的自觉的活动,即人的自由。人的自觉活动是由自由派生的。我国在社会主义实践中曾经忽视了人、人的自由在马克思主义学说中的重要位置,铸成不少错误。“以人为本”的提出向回归马克思主义迈出了步伐。     

上海某郊区外来青年社会融入度分析

针对大量流入上海的外来青年存在的社会融入问题,选取在上海某郊区工作的368名外来青年进行问卷调查,从经济、社会、心理三个层面考察了他们的社会融入状况.经研究发现,外来青年在城市社会融入上具有滞后性、渐变性和长期性、兼容性、差异性等特点,并存在角色身份错位、关系网络构建边缘化以及社区归属感模糊等困难和问题.据此提出了相应的对策.     

供应链企业碳减排投资策略选择与行为演化

从溢出效应视角出发研究供应链上下游企业间的碳减排投入策略问题,利用演化博弈模型和系统动力学模型,探究在低碳经济背景下供应链各利益主体对于碳减排投入的策略选择和演化稳定路径。研究结果表明：上下游企业投入碳减排决策的稳定状态主要与减排投入成本和收益、“搭便车”行为所支付的补偿成本和所获得的额外收益等因素密切相关。研究者还进一步探讨了在政府调控下基于奖惩机制的演化过程,分析奖惩金额与比例对演化稳定策略的影响。最后利用系统动力学软件仿真分析验证了演化模型的有效性。     

越库中心选址模型与启发式算法

越库配送网络具有高运作效率、低库存等特性,同时对时间要求较高,故研究带时间窗口约束的越库选址路径问题。采用时间窗模糊化处理方法定义客户满意度函数,在能力和载重等约束下,建立越库选址路径问题（CDLRP）的多目标规划模型,通过合理选择越库中心并安排配送路径从而达到降低成本、提高客户满意度和提高配送效率三个目标。针对此多目标问题,设计了嵌套灰关联分析的多目标禁忌搜索算法寻求较好的Pareto最优前沿,最后通过算例仿真验证了优化模型和求解算法的可行和有效性。     

日本的经济发展与金融制度变迁

金融制度主要分为市场主导型和银行主导型两种类型。后发展国家日本实行的是典型的银行主导型金融制度,这一制度安排对于有效配置稀缺金融资源、促进战后日本工业化赶超发挥了巨大作用。但是,随着日本由后发展经济向工业化经济转变的完成,其金融制度也面临着由银行主导型向市场主导型转变的问题。因为在经济赶超阶段有发达国家为样板,政府在制定引导经济符合政府战略意图的特定政策方面,拥有信息上的比较优势。通过对金融业的一系列管制,使以银行为中心的金融制度能够比市场更高效率地配置金融资源。而在实现经济赶超后,政府虽然逐渐丧失了这种比较信息优势,但通过市场配置资源拥有更高的效率,由此引致日本金融制度的变迁。     

论英汉文学翻译中的模糊化与具体化

由于英汉思维、文化及表达方式上的差异,在英汉翻译时常常需要在"具体"和"模糊"或"实"与"虚"之间作必要的转换.有些在英语中十分具体的词句在汉译时需作模糊化的处理,化实为虚;反之,有些在英语原文中较为模糊或笼统的表达在汉译时又需作具体化的处理,交抽象为具体.     

Comfort with discussions about death,religiosity, and attitudes about end‐of‐life care

In end‐of‐life (EOL) care research, death anxiety and religiosity are often overlooked. Terror management theory (TMT) may provide a useful conceptual model with which to examine how comfort discussing death and religiosity influence attitudes related to EOL care. A telephone‐based survey was conducted among community‐dwelling adults in the Unites States. Via random sampling, with over‐sampling of Hispanics/African Americans, 123 completed survey interviews (response rate = 46%) were analyzed. Respondents were more likely to have better attitudes toward EOL care if they were older or white, religiously active, and comfortable with the subject of death. Religiosity and comfort discussing death were correlated with each other and remained significant predictors of attitudes about EOL care even without demographic covariates. Findings suggest that promoting an open dialogue about mortality may improve attitudes about EOL care and utilization of palliative care services. The study also provides evidence about the utility and applicability of TMT for EOL care.     

Comparison on predictors of mental health service use among Asian older adults

Studies have mostly examined mental health service use of older Asian immigrant combining all Asian Americans into one group whereas immigration backgrounds and socioeconomic status of each Asian minority group are different. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictors of mental health service use within specific ethnic groups among older Asian adults focusing on Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese in California. The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP) is used to guide the secondary data analysis of a sample of 3,453 older Asian immigrants from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Logistic and linear regression analyses are performed to examine predictors of mental health service use and the frequency of mental health service use, respectively. As results, mental health‐seeking patterns differ by ethnicity within the older Asian immigrant sample, not being married (Korean), higher levels of acculturation (Filipino), lower levels of neighborhood cohesion (Korean and Vietnamese), higher levels of perceived safety (Korean) and lower levels of perceived safety (Vietnamese), higher levels of mental distress (Korean and Filipino), and having perceived need (all) were related to more visits for mental health services. The study findings highlight the necessity of cultural competency services and programs for each Asian ethnicity.     

外国留学生游世博园

沈阳成功地举办了世界园艺博览会吸引了大批中外游客,也吸引了在沈读书的外国留学生。初夏,沈阳的天空阳光明媚,风和日丽,正在中国医科大学留学生英语班学习的印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦和尼泊尔的留学生一行45人来到了沈阳世博园观光游览。