Control‐based imputation for sensitivity analyses in informative censoring for recurrent event data

In clinical trials, missing data commonly arise through nonadherence to the randomized treatment or to study procedure. For trials in which recurrent event endpoints are of interests, conventional analyses using the proportional intensity model or the count model assume that the data are missing at random, which cannot be tested using the observed data alone. Thus, sensitivity analyses are recommended. We implement the control‐based multiple imputation as sensitivity analyses for the recurrent event data. We model the recurrent event using a piecewise exponential proportional intensity model with frailty and sample the parameters from the posterior distribution. We impute the number of events after dropped out and correct the variance estimation using a bootstrap procedure. We apply the method to an application of sitagliptin study.     

Linguistic instrumentalism and national language policy in Mainland China’s state print media coverage of the Protecting Cantonese Movement

This article examines the Chinese government’s use of the print media to justify the national language policy and address individuals’ concerns about the vitality of regional varieties of the Chinese language (i.e., Cantonese) in its coverage of the Protecting Cantonese Movement (July 2010) in Guangzhou. The analysis revealed that the Chinese government adopted a relatively reconciliatory response to the Movement, which apparently contested the relevant language policy. However, the media texts maintained the national policy of promoting Putonghua as inviolable, whereas they assigned Cantonese the role of the carrier of cultural tradition and stressed that the rise or fall of particular regional language depended on regional socioeconomic developments. Such media discussions showed that the state carefully managed relevant discussions about the vitality of regional Chinese varieties within the discursive space defined by legalistic, cultural, and socioeconomic development discourses. These discursive boundaries reflect the dominance of linguistic instrumentalism in the Chinese government’s language policymaking.     

非主流主流化:大学生兼职的社会学分析

社会发展、学校改革、家庭贫困、个人原因等使大学生兼职由非主流化走向主流化,甚至庸俗化。大学生兼职的动机由锻炼自己变为养活自己,在社会贬低大学生与大学生自我贬低的双重打压下,大学生兼职主流化、庸俗化不可避免,这要求社会、学校与家庭认真对待大学生兼职主流化、庸俗化问题,积极引导大学生兼职,防止因为兼职所带来的负面影响制约大学生成长与进步。     

创新、升级与培育——2013上海文化消费报告

在全国文化消费方兴未艾的背景下,上海文化消费尤为繁盛。在载体方面,创新与多元化趋势增强。由政府主导的基础型公共文化服务体系进一步完善,消费产品更加多样化,但仍存在公共文化机构数量不足、消费理念薄弱等问题。电影节、书展、动漫节、艺术节、艺博会五大节庆类公共文化平台在消费产品多元化、亲民化、国际化方面的趋势更加明显。新媒体作为市场主导的自主型文化消费载体,发展迅猛。网购、APP、微博经济、网络文学消费稳步增长。在客体方面,假日旅游和出境游消费火爆,私人影院等体验式消费备受青睐,演艺、奢侈品消费呈爆发式增长。在主体方面,上海已形成高、中、低3类消费主体并存的文化消费格局,阶层化倾向日趋明显。     

浓墨重彩绘百强——蓬勃发展的大连老虎屯经济开发区

在大连,有一座悄然崛起的小城镇,它就是大连市外向型经济强镇、辽宁省综合实力百强镇、辽宁省文明镇--大连老虎屯经济开发区.     

浅析我国"见死不救罪"的设立

本文指出我国应借鉴国外一些大陆法系国家的刑法,有限度考虑我国“见死不救罪”的设立。     

从新视角看中国近代史的基本线索

本文从新的视角重新梳理了中国近代史的基本线索,即把中国近代史放进整个世界近代历史发展进程和中华民族形成史中,以此为视角,认为中国近代史有三条基本线索,即中国近代史是中华民族反对帝国主义,争取民族独立和解放的过程;中华民族在各层次上实现近代转型和现代化的过程;中华民族走向自觉联合的过程。     

环境不确定性、组织冗余与原始性创新的关系研究

本文探讨了环境不确定的两个维度(技术不确定性和市场不确定性)对企业原始性创新的直接影响,以及运用权变的方法研究了组织冗余对以上两种关系的调节作用。通过对404家中国企业的实证研究发现,环境不确定性的两个维度对企业原始性创新的影响不尽相同,其中技术不确定性与企业原始性创新正相关,市场不确定性与企业原始性创新负相关;此外,随着已吸收冗余的增多,市场不确定性与原始性创新的负向关系增强;随着未吸收冗余的增多,技术不确定性与企业原始性创新的正向关系增强,市场不确定性与企业原始性创新的负向关系增强。研究结论发展了现有的创新文献,具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

Information Acquisition and Voluntary Disclosure in an Export‐Processing System

We study a strategic information management problem in the export‐processing trade, where the buyer controls the raw material input and sales and the producer is responsible for production. The production is vulnerable to random yield risk. The producer can exert a costly effort to acquire the private yield rate information and discretionarily share it with the buyer. We develop a sequential Bayesian game model that captures three key features of the system—endogenous information endowment, voluntary disclosure, and ex post information sharing—a significant departure from the literature. The optimal disclosure strategy is driven by the trade‐off between the gains from Pareto efficiency improvement and self‐interested overproduction. It is specified by two thresholds on yield rate: only the middle‐yield producers (with yield rate between these two thresholds) share private information to improve supply‐demand match; the low‐ and high‐yield producers withhold information to extract excess input from the buyer. The buyer in response penalizes nondisclosure with reduced input and rewards information sharing with a larger order. This strategic interaction is further exacerbated by the double marginalization effect from decentralization, resulting in severe efficiency loss. We examine the effectiveness of three corrective mechanisms—vertical integration, mandatory disclosure, and production restriction—and reveal the costs of information suppressive effect and overinvestment incentive and the benefit from concessions on the processing fee. Our study endogenizes the asymmetric supply risk and provides the first attempt to rationalize the strategic interactions of informational and operational incentives in the export‐processing system.