办公自动化系统中的安全性

针对ＯＡ系统的安全需要及特点,结合Ｌｏｔｕｓ Ｄｏｍｉｎｏ,讨论了ＯＡ系统的网络安全和用户认证协议,着重论述ＯＡ系统内部用户和网络用户的安全认证机制、协议及其基本原理;提出了一个ＯＡ系统中的用户认证协议,分析了其认证过程。     

精准扶贫的差别化政策研究 ——以扶持人口较少民族发展为例

因区位分布、地理环境、历史基础、文化观念等因素制约，我国28个人口较少民族发展水平总体滞后，同步实现全面小康面临着特殊困难。人口较少民族贫困发生率高、贫困程度深，是集空间贫困、资本贫困、能力贫困、信息贫困于一体的深度贫困，也是一种特殊类型的贫困。扶持人口较少民族减贫与发展对如期全面建成小康社会、维护社会和谐稳定具有重要意义。然而，28个民族间存在发展基础、发展条件、发展成本、发展水平和发展目标等诸多差异，加之各地情况千差万别，决定了扶持政策不能同质化和一刀切。必须坚持习近平总书记精准扶贫战略思想，分类指导、因族举措、因地制宜、因时施策，实施差别化政策。     

英国高校创业教育的发展历程与反思

英国是创业教育先行并较为成功的国家之一。英国的创业教育发端于工业革命与商业文化的兴起,得力于政策推动与基金扶持,成功于创业课程设置以及差异化的专业化创业人才培养模式的构建,具有鲜明的民族特征与时代特色。分析和研究英国创业教育的发展历程和教育现状,对于包括我国在内的大学生创业教育的持续发展,有着广泛的借鉴意义。     

Clients,double clients or brokers? The changing agency of intermediary tribal groups in the Ming empire (1368–1644)

Intermediaries are social agents who can be found in all types of different environments, cultures, and organizations. More often than enough, intermediaries are middlepersons between two power centers, yet their agency is precarious due to their position as brokers who gain from bridging otherwise unconnected parties, or marginalized vulnerable individuals who suffer from the invasion of the neighboring power holders. How can these two different perspectives of the intermediaries be reconciled? Under what conditions do they shift from one type of agency to another? Previous scholarship attributes the agency of intermediaries to static positionality. This paper treats the position of the intermediary as an opportunity structure, which is shaped by multi-level relational dynamics. We show the changing agency of three intermediary tribal groups (i.e. the Tibetans in northwestern China, Uriyangqad Mongols, and Jurchens) who were situated between the sedentary Chinese and nomadic Mongols during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) through a systematic study with horse trade data. The group-based and officially-regulated horse trade constituted the most important linkage between the intermediaries and these two power centers. We study the changes in the dynamics of their contact during trade, and explain why these intermediaries became client, client to two patrons, and broker in their trade with the Chinese and Mongols in different eras. We argue that the position of the intermediaries did not provide definite advantages for their exploitation, nor did it paralyze them with any concrete disadvantages. Rather, their position offered them unpredictable opportunities that arose from their relational dynamics with the power centers. Moreover, the self-serving and local interests of the intermediaries, and the strategies and tactics that they used, determined their capacity to respond to emerging and unpredictable opportunities and capitalize on them.

     

我国老龄产业发展与导向

我国老龄产业发展的必要性在于21世纪我国人口老龄化的严峻形势和提高老龄人口生活质量的基本目的。可行性在于未来家庭养老功能的弱化、老龄人口购买力水平的上升和市场发育。我国老龄产业的发展受到老龄人口收入水平较低、市场开发程度较低等的影响。发展我国老龄产业应纳入社会经济发展规划,立足于社区,采取多渠道形式,走市场化发展之路。     

Fairness Among Servers When Capacity Decisions Are Endogenous

We look at a simple service system with two servers serving arriving jobs (single class). Our interest is in examining the effect of routing policies on servers when they care about fairness among themselves, and when they can endogenously choose capacities in response to the routing policy. Therefore, we study the two‐server game where the servers’ objective functions have a term explicitly modeling fairness. Moreover, we focus on four commonly seen policies that are from one general class. Theoretical results concerning the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are proved for some policies. Further managerial insights are given based on simulation studies on servers’ equilibrium/off‐equilibrium behaviors and the resulting system efficiency performance under different policies.     

How Costs and Heterogeneous Consumer Price Sensitivity Interact with Add‐On Pricing

Firms often cite cost savings as a reason why they charge separately for add‐ons. Firms also often face situations where consumers' price sensitivity is correlated with their valuation of add‐ons. While cost savings may directly translate into profit gains in some scenarios, this study examines the strategic implications of add‐on pricing and is the first to suggest that cost savings from add‐on pricing may in fact result in profit loss for firms when consumers are heterogeneous in price sensitivity. This is because add‐on pricing can trigger a revenue loss that exceeds any cost savings, thus leading to a negative net profit change for competing firms. Even if firms have the capability to pre‐commit to not adopting add‐on pricing, we show that competing firms can be locked in a prisoner's dilemma where all choose to adopt add‐on pricing and lose profits (as compared to none adopting add‐on pricing). We further show the possibility that the greater the cost of providing the add‐on (and the greater the cost savings generated from add‐on pricing), the worse this profit loss gets.     

试论环境保护与发展循环经济的关系

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策。循环经济则是用绿色经济运行模式来指导人类的经济活动,使整个生产、经济和消费过程不产生或少产生废物,在物质不断循环的基础上发展经济,从而使经济活动对环境的影响降低到最小程度。发展循环经济是我国环境保护的根本手段和根本方向。     

浅议哈贝马斯普遍语用学的转向

普遍语用学是当代伟大哲学家哈贝马斯创立的著名的交往行为理论研究的重要前提和基础。哈贝马斯在对历史唯物主义重建的努力中和对法兰克福社会批判理论的反思中，在当代西方语言哲学转向的影响下完成了其重要的以主体间性为标志的普遍语用学的转向。     

1995～2005我国社会发展的描述性分析

社会测评分析是加强社会发展宏观管理的一项基础性工作,积极的社会发展评价,有助于了解和掌握社会发展的状态以及可能出现的新情况、新问题.“九五”、“十五”是我国社会发展转型的重要时期,对这一阶段社会发展进行系统考察,总结其中的得与失,能够为“十一五”期间全面落实科学发展观、建设和谐社会提供必要的借鉴.本文通过设计的社会发展评价体系,运用多元统计分析方法,对1995～2005我国社会发展进行了定量化分析,并据此形成了相应的结论和建议.