Novel criteria to exclude the surrogate paradox and their optimalities

When the primary outcome is hard to collect, a surrogate endpoint is typically used as a substitute. However, even when a treatment has a positive average causal effect (ACE) on a surrogate endpoint, which also has a positive ACE on the primary outcome, it is still possible that the treatment has a negative ACE on the primary outcome. Such a phenomenon is called the surrogate paradox and greatly challenges the use of surrogates. In this paper, we provide criteria to exclude the surrogate paradox. Our criteria are optimal in the sense that they are sufficient and “almost necessary” to exclude the paradox: If the conditions are satisfied, the surrogate paradox is guaranteed to be absent, whereas if the conditions fail, there exists a data-generating process with surrogate paradox that can generate the same observed data. That is, our criteria capture all the observed information to exclude the surrogate paradox.     

早期来华传教士中国文化观

明清之际天主教传教士来华开启了中西文化交流的新篇章.传教士通过对中国文化的记述,将中国这一东方文明古国介绍给西方,形成了他们所特有的中国文化观.认为传教士中国文化观的形成主要受到传教士个人、组织、国籍及传教目的、传教活动情况等因素的影响.     

现代产权制度的价值刍议

在对社会主义公有制条件下国有企业产权制度改革实践中若干问题进行分析的基础上 ,从现代产权制度的价值角度 ,对公有制条件下的现代产权制度建设提出了“产权具有公权利的特点”、“产权体现生产关系内部矛盾运动”、“以岗责股方式实现国有股退出”等观点。     

Some Limit Behaviors for Linear EV Model with Replicate Observations

In this article, we establish the asymptotic normality for the LS estimators of the unknown parameters in the linear errors-in-variables (EV) model with replicate observations, which weaken the moment conditions of Zhang and Chen (2002 Zhang, S.G., Chen, X.R. (2002). On asymptotic normality of parameters in linear EV model. Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 23(4):495506.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Furthermore, the moderate and large deviations principles for the LS estimators are obtained also.     

技术创新审计及其应用

本文对技术创新审计的思想、概念、理论模型,以及审计工具的内容、审计准则、使用方法及应用结果和出现的问题进行概略的介绍;对在我国建立和应用技术创新审计的前景提出了自己的观点.     

农副产品信息系统的结构设计和面向农户的商情分析

信息已成为当今世界经济发展的战略资源与独特的生产要素。农业经济发展如何使用信息技术和开发利用信息资源,已成为其生存和发展的关键。本文提出了系统面向农户的多级多接人模式的结构设计,并在讨论农副产品产业特点的基础上,介绍了系统面向农户的商情分析。     

Multivariate Control Chart Based on Multivariate Smirnov Test

Robust control charts are useful in statistical process control (SPC) when there is limited knowledge about the underlying process distribution, especially for multivariate observations. This article develops a new robust and self-starting multivariate procedure based on multivariate Smirnov test (MST), which integrates a multivariate two-sample goodness-of-fit (GOF) test based on multivariate empirical distribution function (MEDF) and the change-point model. As expected, simulation results show that our proposed control chart is robust to nonnormally distributed data, and moreover, it is efficient in detecting process shifts, especially large shifts, which is one of the main drawbacks of most robust control charts in the literature. As it avoids the need for a lengthy data-gathering step, the proposed chart is particularly useful in start-up or short-run situations. Comparison results and a real data example show that our proposed chart has great potential for application.     

“案例报告式”方法在“信息分析与决策支持”课程教学中的实践与探索

针对信息管理与信息系统的专业特色和培养目标,从＂信息分析与决策支持＂课程在信管专业中的重要位置出发,引入了＂案例报告式＂教学方法,对其应用进行了实践与探索。针对现有教学模式的缺点,分析了＂案例报告式＂教学法的优点,从案例准备、＂案例报告式＂教学的组织和实施入手,对＂案例报告式＂教学法的效果进行评价。指出＂案例报告式＂教学方法响应了教育部推行理论与实践相结合的号召。