试析美国"贸易促进权"与双边协定和区域性贸易的互动关系

美国外贸法中"贸易促进权"赋予总统贸易谈判更大的主动权,确保国会在贸易政策制订权力分配上的核心地位,维持"府会"良好协作关系.本文旨在依美以、美加、北美自由贸易协定及美洲自由贸易区为例,立足"贸易促进权"与美式双边协定和区域贸易机制的互动,揭示"贸易促进权"与美国贸易政策及双边、区域贸易机制的内在联系,为我们进一步把握美国外贸政策脉象,维护我国经济利益提供有益的探索.     

中国的民族问题与中国共产党--纪念中国共产党建党80周年

本文简要论述了中国共产党成立80年来认识和处理中国民族问题的理论和实践.作者认为,自中国共产党成立之日起,民族问题就受到了高度重视.80年来,中国共产党坚持将马克思主义与中国的实际相结合,经过不断的实践和探索,逐步摸清了中国的民族问题,特别是社会主义时期民族问题的一般规律,形成了科学的、系统的、具有中国特色的民族理论、政策体系,并进行了成功的实践.在21世纪,只要中国共产党针对新的实际继续不断地充实和完善自己的民族理论、政策体系,保持连续性和稳定性,并切实加以落实,中国的民族问题就会解决得越来越好.     

论和谐而有中国特色的民族概念

本文与《论中国特色的民族概念》一文对话:1949年以前,汉语“民族”一词和包括它的词素在内的古典民族概念表达形式构成了数千年生生不息的自组织系统,这个系统使得近现代舶来的西方民族概念纷纷本土化;1949—1989时期,毛泽东在斯大林模式干扰中保留了民族概念的中国话语权,费孝通在改革开放条件下创立了“中华民族多元一体格局”理论;1989年以后,封闭体系的解构和多元争鸣促进了中国民族理论的耗散变化,这一时期流行的“族群”可以看成中国民族概念系统中的一个分形元。最后从和谐系统的高度,给出满足国家语境、民间习惯、历史传统三个条件的定义:民族是人们在社会复杂作用下通过历史渊源或现实利益等多元认同而形成的有特定的族称和相应的文化模式的自组织系统。     

物权请求权、债权请求权与债权关系的解析

债权是一种兼具救济性手段与基础权利双重性质的权利。起初,债权是作为基础权利的救济手段而存在的,此时,各种债权有其各自的基础权利,此后,由于债权的被侵犯问题而渐次产生了其自身的救济性的手段———债权请求权,此时,债权取得了基础权利的地位。理解债权的双重性质,是厘清物权请求权、债权请求权、债权和请求权几个概念的关键,而对这几个概念的清晰认识,对于以请求权为枢纽的整个民法体系的内部和谐,对于正在制订中的我国民法典的体例设计,皆有重要意义。     

论数字化时代中国书法的生存与发展

数字化时代对传统书法艺术的生存造成了巨大冲击,同时数字化技术支持下的电脑和互联网等新技术成果的出现也为书法发展提供了巨大的空间。数字化时代中国书法将逐步走向泛化、大众化和纯艺术化。书法泛化、大众化能满足人们的装饰心理和趋雅心理,而书法纯艺术化将使中国书法更接近书法艺术的本质。     

结构主义与翻译研究的真空

结构主义哲学产生于索绪尔的结构主义语言学理论,并对翻译理论的研究产生了巨大的影响。结构主义体现在对确定性的追求,在其影响下,翻译理论的研究强调忠实性原则,这一原则对翻译理论的研究影响深刻。而当代翻译理论对此提出了诸多不同的看法,认为意义是不确定的,忠实性原则也引起了不同观点的争论。因此,研究结构主义哲学、结构主义语言学的本质,并考察在结构主义影响下翻译理论研究所具有的特点显得非常必要。     

Process Mean Determination with Quantity Discounts in Raw Material Cost*

Setting the mean (target value) for a container-filling process is an important decision for a producer when the material cost is a significant portion of the production cost. Because the process mean determines the process conforming rate, it affects other production decisions, including, in particular, the production setup and raw material procurement policies. In this paper, we consider the situation in which quantity discounts exist in the raw material acquisition cost, and incorporate the quantity-discount issue into an existing model that was developed for simultaneously determining the process mean, production setup, and raw material procurement policies for a container-filling process. The product of interest is assumed to have a lower specification limit, and the items that do not conform to the specification limit are scrapped with no salvage value. The production cost of an item is proportional to the amount of the raw material used in producing the item. A two-echelon model is formulated for a single-product production process, and an algorithm is developed for finding the optimal solution. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effects of the model parameters on the optimal solution.     

APEC与FTAAP平行推进问题研究

近十几年APEC内部的FTA迅速发展,整合诸多FTA将促进贸易投资自由化和便利化,有利于推进茂物目标。FTAAP于2004年正式提出,但进展缓慢,2014年11月的APEC北京领导人会议为推进FTAAP从愿景到行动规划了北京路线图,确定了APEC与FTAAP平行推进模式,这是首次明确APEC与FTAAP的关系。分析APEC进程以及2010年第一次茂物目标评估以来APEC最新发展,研究FTAAP建立过程中的有利因素和难点,展望APEC今后发展与建立FTAAP所形成亚太地区合作的新格局,有利于我国参与APEC和FTAAP的政策选择。     

Social Capital Associated with Quality of Life Mediated by Employment Experiences: Evidence from a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China

Working-age migrants need to possess adequate social capital in order to secure a stable and satisfactory job so that they can pursue a better quality of life (QOL). The positive relationship between social capital and vocational experiences, including successful employment, has been well established. In this study we focused on testing a multi-step mediation model linking social capital with employment experiences, and further to QOL. Survey data from rural-to-urban migrants randomly selected from Wuhan, China were analyzed. Social capital, including bonding and bridging capital, was measured using the Personal Social Capital Scale; employment experiences were measured using five job-related items; and QOL was measured using the Brief Symptoms Inventory. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that job security and job satisfaction were positively and significantly associated with QOL, and social capital measures were significantly associated with higher QOL (primarily for males). Furthermore, job security and job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between social capital and QOL after controlling for covariates. Findings of this study suggest the significance of social capital, job security and satisfaction in improving migrants’ QOL, implying the importance of vocational experiences in mediating the effect from social capital to QOL. If the findings can be confirmed with longitudinal data, these factors should be considered in decision making to improve rural-to-urban migrants’ QOL in China.     

论不安抗辩权

不安抗辩权是我国《合同法》增设的内容,它充分体现了诚信与公正原则。我国不安抗辩制度的制定,既吸收了英美法系某些合理因素,又是对大陆法系内容的发展,是我国立法制度的创新。