再谈英汉否定是非问句的答句

通过讨论英汉否定是非问句内部在倾向性上的不一致性,着眼问话人心理倾向性考察实际交际中对否定是非问句的回答,结合英汉是非问句系统的的不同特点,来分析否定是非问句两者在答句方面的异同。     

人生与文学的二重奏——叶梅、叶广芩创作观念与文学风格比较

同为少数民族女作家,叶梅和叶广芩有着截然不同的文风。她们又有着许多契合之处,如对自身民族文化的坚持和对地域之美的成功描写。两人都善于把人情伦理刻画得细致入微。两人最大的共同处还在于相似的创作经历与对人的命运的积极探讨。她们的小说作品之所以能成为广受好评的杰作,主要是因为对文学使命的秉承,自身多元文化与复杂经历融合的背景,不屈的文学个性;另一方面,独到的艺术风格和民族性,也使得她们的作品非同凡响。     

洗衣机发展预测模型及应用

我国洗衣机的生产发展十分迅速,从1978年的年产400台到1985年的883万台,八年间增长二千多倍,今后的生产发展前景如何?运用本文介绍的一种预测模型,可以求得公元2000年以前每年洗衣机需求量的预测值,并求得1983年8月至1991年1月为洗衣机生产发展的成熟时期,该模型亦可用于其它耐用消费品的生产发展预测,所得结果可供有关部门决策时参考。     

光学系统自动设计中应用动态规划的个算法

本文用动态规划方法求解具有等式和不等式约束的光学系统的最优化问题,以Kuhn-Tucker条件为基础,利用牛顿迭代法提出最优决策的一个算法,并证明其局部收敛性。     

An Alpha Half Normal Slash Distribution for Analyzing Non Negative Data

In this paper, we study a new class of slash distribution. We define the distribution through means of a stochastic representation as the mixture of an alpha half normal random variable with respect to the power of a uniform random variable. Properties involving moments and moment generating function are derived. The usefulness and flexibility of the proposed distribution is illustrated through a real application by maximum likelihood procedure.     

IMPROVING POPULATION-SPECIFIC ALLELE FREQUENCY ESTIMATES BY ADAPTING SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: AN EMPIRICAL BAYES APPROACH

Estimation of the allele frequency at genetic markers is a key ingredient in biological and biomedical research, such as studies of human genetic variation or of the genetic etiology of heritable traits. As genetic data becomes increasingly available, investigators face a dilemma: when should data from other studies and population subgroups be pooled with the primary data? Pooling additional samples will generally reduce the variance of the frequency estimates; however, used inappropriately, pooled estimates can be severely biased due to population stratification. Because of this potential bias, most investigators avoid pooling, even for samples with the same ethnic background and residing on the same continent. Here, we propose an empirical Bayes approach for estimating allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms. This procedure adaptively incorporates genotypes from related samples, so that more similar samples have a greater influence on the estimates. In every example we have considered, our estimator achieves a mean squared error (MSE) that is smaller than either pooling or not, and sometimes substantially improves over both extremes. The bias introduced is small, as is shown by a simulation study that is carefully matched to a real data example. Our method is particularly useful when small groups of individuals are genotyped at a large number of markers, a situation we are likely to encounter in a genome-wide association study.     

接触式低温固定中样品内部传热过程的分析

建立了用于电子显微镜生物样品制备的接触式低温固定法中的传热过程模型,并求得了一维常物性条件下的精确解。讨论了样品内部冷却速率的一些变化规律及其与样品初始温度和固化温度的关系,为实际的低温固定操作提供了理论指导。     

民族社会学视野下的回族女性研究

回族女性研究是中国妇女研究的重要组成部分,20世纪90年代以来,中国回族女性研究取得了长足的进步和发展。本文着力于回顾既往回族女性研究中所涉及的诸多问题展开历史追溯与反思,就回族女性研究的内涵、研究的对象与范围、研究的意义与作用、研究的方法、理论构建、学术素养等学术界较为关注的几个问题进行了论述,在追溯中反思我们今后研究的拓展方向,力求为未来回族女性的发展提供一定参考。     

因纽特人对北极环境的人类学适应

居住在北极环境的因纽特人需要面对严寒、冰雪、极昼和极夜、生物生产力低等压力.因纽特人通过衣服、房屋和生理反应适应严寒气候;通过掌握丰富的关于冰雪、天气预报、动物迁徙的知识以及良好的身体和心理素质适应冰雪环境;通过举行宗教仪式来减轻人们在极昼和极夜的精神压力;通过灵活的社会组织和扩大社会网络来适应生物生产力低,保障食物来源.     

Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.