清代的虎门防御体系与第一次鸦片战争

到第一次鸦片战争前,清朝在珠江虎门出海口水道两岸先后建成了大角炮台、沙角炮台、威远炮台、镇远炮台、靖远炮台、横档炮台、永安炮台、巩固炮台、大虎炮台、炮台连同木排铁链、水底石堆、暗桩,在虎门水道构成了一个具有三重门户的防御体系,成为清朝最大最坚固的海防要塞。但这个防御体系在1841年的大角一沙角战役和上横档战役中被英国军队摧毁,战争失败的原因是多方面的,其主要原因还是这个防御体系存在诸多缺陷。     

全民健身与乒乓球运动的审美娱乐性

本文对乒乓球运动的审美娱乐性进行了研究和分析,认为在全民健身的运动中,乒乓球运动因其在国人心目中的特殊地位和文化及审美上的影响力,是应大力普及的体育运动项目。     

Patterns of working and living conditions: a holistic, multivariate approach to occupational health studies

The objective of the study was to develop a multivariate approach to occupational health studies that is: capable of identifying groups with similar working conditions; relevant for studies of associations between working and living conditions and health; and an appropriate basis for preventive actions. Data at the individual level were obtained through measurements, observations, interviews and questionnaires, and at the organizational level, through interviews with managers. Cluster analyses were applied with the purpose of identifying groups of individuals with small, within-group differences. Eighty work sites and a sample of employees at each site were strategically selected. The study group comprised 203 men and women, and was characterized by large variation. The final analysis produced eight clusters of individuals, denoted according to their best-defining characteristic, i.e. 'decent', 'boundary-less', 'locked', 'exposed', 'heavy and monotonous', 'changed', 'mobile' and 'restrained'. The clusters differed with regard to 'what' characterized working conditions, 'where' on the labour market they were found, and 'who' clustered in these groups. The holistic approach revealed conditions that were important for health and had higher explanatory power in relation to ill-health than applying socio-economic groupings or the demand-control-support model. It showed how psychosocial, ergonomic-physical and occupational hygiene factors combine and interact to create settings with different risks of ill-health. The chosen strategy is recommended for future occupational health studies and is particularly suitable as guidance for preventive actions relevant to specific clusters of working and living conditions.     

中国特色社会主义理论体系:研究框架及其内涵

党的十七大明确提出并系统阐述了中国特色社会主义理论体系,由此,理论界兴起了研究中特理论体系的热潮。在此,主要就中特理论体系的时代背景、实践基础、科学内涵、历史地位、形成过程、主要内容、逻辑结构、基本特征的研究现状作一综述。     

党对中国特色社会主义旗帜的理论探索

中国特色社会主义旗帜是不断丰富和发展的体系。党对此的探索经历了四个阶段：十一届三中全会至十三届四中全会以前为确立主题阶段,重点放在中国特色社会主义道路方面;十三届四中全会至十六大以前为侧重发展阶段,主要是确立邓小平理论的指导地位;十六大至十七大以前为纵深推进阶段,主要是确立“三个代表”重要思想的指导地位;十七大以来为整合提升阶段,形成了包括道路、理论体系和制度在内的中国特色社会主义旗帜体系。     

试论湘籍无产阶级革命家群体的成长规律

湘籍无产阶级革命家群体是我国新民主主义革命时期影响最大的地域性无产阶级革命家群体。它的出现是特定历史条件的产物,但其成长又遵循着一定的规律。顺时跟进、事业锻造、地域熏陶、教育开发、人和凝聚、经验培育、领袖带动是其成长的基本规律。研究湘籍无产阶级革命家群体的成长规律,对于今天实施人才强国战略具有重要的借鉴意义。     

领导干部要自觉培养良好作风,提高综合素质

领导干部的作风关系到党和国家事业的兴衰成败,关系到人民的利益和人心向背,因此要从加强学习,以能服人;执政为民,以绩服人;求真务实,以信服人;团结协作,以德服人;严于律己,以廉服人等五个方面培养领导干部的良好作风,提高他们的综合素质。     

Semiparametric Bayesian hierarchical models for heterogeneous population in nonlinear mixed effect model: application to gastric emptying studies

Gastric emptying studies are frequently used in medical research, both human and animal, when evaluating the effectiveness and determining the unintended side-effects of new and existing medications, diets, and procedures or interventions. It is essential that gastric emptying data be appropriately summarized before making comparisons between study groups of interest and to allow study the comparisons. Since gastric emptying data have a nonlinear emptying curve and are longitudinal data, nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models can accommodate both the variation among measurements within individuals and the individual-to-individual variation. However, the NLME model requires strong assumptions that are often not satisfied in real applications that involve a relatively small number of subjects, have heterogeneous measurement errors, or have large variation among subjects. Therefore, we propose three semiparametric Bayesian NLMEs constructed with Dirichlet process priors, which automatically cluster sub-populations and estimate heterogeneous measurement errors. To compare three semiparametric models with the parametric model we propose a penalized posterior Bayes factor. We compare the performance of our semiparametric hierarchical Bayesian approaches with that of the parametric Bayesian hierarchical approach. Simulation results suggest that our semiparametric approaches are more robust and flexible. Our gastric emptying studies from equine medicine are used to demonstrate the advantage of our approaches.     

选准绿色增长的主攻方向

按照生态优先、民生为重的发展理念,加强生态修复,严格环保准入,布局绿色产业,试点先行,以点带面,科学规划建设各级各类绿色经济发展示范区,包括:建设绿色生态产业园区、低碳工业实践区、绿色生态城区及绿色城市、低碳城市.进一步探索发挥绿色GDP政绩考核体系的指挥棒作用,对不同发展区域实行有差异的发展目标考核,鼓励、褒奖以不牺牲环境为代价的绿色作为、低碳作为.