制度自信:民族区域自治制度是解决当代中国民族问题的基本政治制度——“三个自信”与中国民族问题研究系列论文之四

民族区域自治制度的产生、发展与完善取决于我国的历史传承与现实国情,是中国共产党解决当代中国民族问题的基本政治制度.民族问题研究“去政治化”、第二代民族政策等观点的实质就是质疑乃至否定我国的民族政策和民族区域自治制度.坚持民族区域自治制度自信,就是要坚持“三是”、“两必须”、“三不容”的原则,从而促进各民族的团结,增强各民族的国家认同,维护国家领土和主权的统一.     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

Relation between the skew-rank of an oriented graph and the independence number of its underlying graph

An oriented graph \(G^\sigma \) is a digraph without loops or multiple arcs whose underlying graph is G. Let \(S\left( G^\sigma \right) \) be the skew-adjacency matrix of \(G^\sigma \) and \(\alpha (G)\) be the independence number of G. The rank of \(S(G^\sigma )\) is called the skew-rank of \(G^\sigma \), denoted by \(sr(G^\sigma )\). Wong et al. (Eur J Comb 54:76–86, 2016) studied the relationship between the skew-rank of an oriented graph and the rank of its underlying graph. In this paper, the correlation involving the skew-rank, the independence number, and some other parameters are considered. First we show that \(sr(G^\sigma )+2\alpha (G)\geqslant 2|V_G|-2d(G)\), where \(|V_G|\) is the order of G and d(G) is the dimension of cycle space of G. We also obtain sharp lower bounds for \(sr(G^\sigma )+\alpha (G),\, sr(G^\sigma )-\alpha (G)\), \(sr(G^\sigma )/\alpha (G)\) and characterize all corresponding extremal graphs.     

A simpler PTAS for connected <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-path vertex cover in homogeneous wireless sensor network

Because of its application in the field of security in wireless sensor networks, k-path vertex cover (\(\hbox {VCP}_k\)) has received a lot of attention in recent years. Given a graph \(G=(V,E)\), a vertex set \(C\subseteq V\) is a k-path vertex cover (\(\hbox {VCP}_k\)) of G if every path on k vertices has at least one vertex in C, and C is a connected k-path vertex cover of G (\(\hbox {CVCP}_k\)) if furthermore the subgraph of G induced by C is connected. A homogeneous wireless sensor network can be modeled as a unit disk graph. This paper presents a new PTAS for \(\hbox {MinCVCP}_k\) on unit disk graphs. Compared with previous PTAS given by Liu et al., our method not only simplifies the algorithm and reduces the time-complexity, but also simplifies the analysis by a large amount.     

资源型经济如何摆脱“资源诅咒”——基于中国的经验证据

我国资源型城市普遍存在着矿业、矿城、矿山、矿工"四矿"问题,并已严重制约了区域经济的可持续发展,这表明在我国城际层面"资源诅咒"效应也是成立的.将演化经济学作为分析资源型城市从"无序"到"有序"的方法论,可以发现,资源型城市摆脱"资源诅咒"需要具备投资规模、对外开放、技术创新和产业升级等方面的条件.对包头、攀枝花两座典型资源型城市的经济发展差距进行实证分析的结果表明,矿产资源会成为城市经济发展的"福音"还是"诅咒",关键取决于发展战略和发展模式的选择,因而,必须为我国的资源型经济提供科学的转型政策设计.     

反思"观念调查"

问卷调查要求回答的"单纯化"、"实验室化"与"标准化",可是"观念调查"基本上做不到这些要求,因此应该严格慎用之.作为补救措施,在设计原则上,提出了观念的持续期与观念的层次的概念,分析了观念调查结果的意义与主要用途.在操作层次上,提出7个具体的建议:高层观念的精确表述、调查道德观念的"讲故事法"、"照本宣科调查法"、弱化"对方指向"、慎用"假设式提问"、不要排序、不要"总汇".     

中国文化安全问题的历史形成与现实发展

中国文化安全危机缘起于清代中期以后清政府实行的闭关锁国政策导致的中国文化自我更新和自我发展能力的丧失,以及鸦片战争后西方殖民主义国家的文化威胁和文化侵略.美国文化霸权主义的侵蚀和中国文化本身在传承过程中对传统认知的断裂是中国文化安全的现实威胁.     

台湾社区工作:从“福利小区化”迈向“永续小区”

随着世界小区化服务潮流,自20世纪90年代中期以后,台湾各公共领域之以"小区化"为主轴的服务方案如雨后春笋般的出现."福利小区化"与"小区营造"是其中最获重视的两项计划;经过十余年的推动,"台湾健康小区六星计划"的出现,不仅包含了前两项计划的内容,同时也使小区建设扩展至诸如产业、环境、治安、人文等六个方面;永续小区发展策略在反思以前小区建设经验与问题的基础上出现.检视过去十余年来台湾小区工作发展脉络,特别是从"福利小区化"、"小区营造"到"健康小区六星计划"发展路径,可发现台湾小区工作发展具有多方面借鉴意义;应该从理念、政策和实务多角度省思,以有助于迈向"永续小区".     

金融危机:宏观经济政策的国际合作及世界货币体系革新

这次国际金融危机是在经济全球化条件下发生的.这一基本特点要求应对危机的各宏观当局,必须加强宏观经济政策的国际合作,从传统以企业为主体的贸易合作、投资合作或技术合作,提升到政府层面的宏观经济政策合作.同时,由于美元垄断国际货币体系时代的结束,任何单一货币都不能居于垄断地位而形成国际货币多元化的局面,这就要求未来一段时期内,必须加快美元主导下的多元化世界货币体系的革新.     

基于就业岗位的城市外来常住人口预测方法初探

人口预测是城市规划、城市研究的重要内容.当前,我国对于人口预测主要停留在户籍人口预测层面,但城市外来常住人口对于城市经济社会的发展同样起着至关重要的作用,也应该是城市人口预测的一个重要组成部分.本文以南京为样本,从城市外来常住人口对城市就业岗位的依附关系入手,提出了基于就业岗位的城市外来常住人口的预测方法,并对南京未来城市外来常住人口进行了预测.