论信息化对发展中国家文化发展的影响

在研究信息化对文化的影响时,很多人都非常关心文化民族性问题即世界文化多样性问题。其实,文化民族性仅仅是个文化的存在问题。发展中国家的民族文化,除了存在问题,还有繁荣问题和进步问题。信息化对发展中国家民族文化的影响是双重的,既有冲击也有促进,促进是主要的方面。信息化有助于发展中国家文化的繁荣。信息化能够改进发展中国家文化的落后属性。     

自然法阐释与主权的契约论建构——洛克与卢梭政治理论创建理路比较

在西方政治思想史上,自然法理论与社会契约论有着悠久的传统.文章试对洛克与卢梭这两位资产阶级思想家有关自然状态、自然法和自然权利的理论进行简单梳理,对各自自然法理论体系的社会契约论归宿进行相应解说,分析他们理论建构与阐释上的一致与歧义.源于对自然法理论之预设分殊,洛克从双契约走向了有限主权理论,而卢梭用社会契约阐发了人民主权理论.     

先秦兵家军事立法理念初探

兵家军事立法理念兼具理想性和现实性,既讲求战争和法律的正义性与合人心性,也研究作战指导、治军方案的可行性与可操作性。兵家对治军中的“礼”与“法”的相互关系已有清醒的认识,并积极提倡和重视教化与刑罚的结合,即“令之以文,齐之以武”。在兵家看来,“礼”的要求也是“法的内容”,“礼”与“法”各有所用,只有礼、法并用,才能治理好军队。     

美国历史上的黑白混血儿问题

黑白混血儿问题是美国黑、白种族关系史上一个很有意思的话题。在以混血为特征的美国社会,黑白混血儿不完全同于纯血黑人、也完全不同于其他混血儿的独特历史命运以及冒充白人的现象,既是对美国白人自认为血统纯正的讽刺,又揭示了建立在肤色基础上的种族歧视制度的脆弱性和荒谬性。     

Tobin Q反映了企业价值吗——基于市场投机性的视角

Tobin Q被国内外财务学界广泛应用于企业价值的相关研究.本文提出,尽管Tobin Q与企业价值的内在关系得到了国外理论模型和经验证据的支持,但是我国暂时不具备全面应用Tobin Q的条件.对2002-2005年我国上市公司的实证研究表明,Tobin Q未能对全体上市公司的市场价值提供可靠度量,这一结论在控制了亏损的影响后没有发生改变.进一步,本文基于对我国资本市场现实背景的分析提出,股票市场的投机性可能对Tobin Q的应用存在一定影响.实证结果发现,投机性对Tobin Q的适用性问题提供了一定的解释.     

股权激励实施中经营者信息披露策略的演化博弈分析

本文在股东与经理仅具有有限理性的前提下,运用演化博弈方法对股权激励实施过程中,经理信息披露策略选择与股东策略选择的互动机制进行了分析.结果表明:当经理信息操纵的收益大于信息操纵的成本时,经理的信息披露策略依赖于股东监控的概率大小.当股东监控的收益大于监控的成本时,股东是否监控取决于经理选择信息操纵策略的概率大小.保持适度的股权激励水平、增强资本市场的有效性、加强监管、加重惩罚能降低经理信息操纵的概率.     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

Online MapReduce processing on two identical parallel machines

In this work we investigate the online over-list MapReduce processing problem on two identical parallel machines, aiming at minimizing the makespan. Jobs are revealed one by one, and each job consists of one map task and one reduce task. The map task can be arbitrarily split and processed on both machines simultaneously, while the reduce task has to be processed on a single machine and it cannot be started unless the map task has been completed. We first show that the general case of the problem reduces to the classical two machine online scheduling model with an optimal competitive ratio of 3/2. For a special case where the map task is at least as long as the reduce task, we prove that no online algorithm can be less than 4/3-competitive. An optimal Greedy algorithm with a matching competitive ratio is proposed as well.     

Relation between the skew-rank of an oriented graph and the independence number of its underlying graph

An oriented graph \(G^\sigma \) is a digraph without loops or multiple arcs whose underlying graph is G. Let \(S\left( G^\sigma \right) \) be the skew-adjacency matrix of \(G^\sigma \) and \(\alpha (G)\) be the independence number of G. The rank of \(S(G^\sigma )\) is called the skew-rank of \(G^\sigma \), denoted by \(sr(G^\sigma )\). Wong et al. (Eur J Comb 54:76–86, 2016) studied the relationship between the skew-rank of an oriented graph and the rank of its underlying graph. In this paper, the correlation involving the skew-rank, the independence number, and some other parameters are considered. First we show that \(sr(G^\sigma )+2\alpha (G)\geqslant 2|V_G|-2d(G)\), where \(|V_G|\) is the order of G and d(G) is the dimension of cycle space of G. We also obtain sharp lower bounds for \(sr(G^\sigma )+\alpha (G),\, sr(G^\sigma )-\alpha (G)\), \(sr(G^\sigma )/\alpha (G)\) and characterize all corresponding extremal graphs.