双重使命与缺陷：孙中山训政设想再探究

世人一般认为孙中山是一个怀抱崇高革命理想主义的激进革命家,也因此有“孙大炮”之称,喻其谋事、行事之不切实际。通过研究孙中山革命程序论中所提出的训政设想,笔者认为孙中山其实不乏理性与冷静,其所提训政设想,希望中国在建立民主体制之前,有一个准备与过渡阶段,以党权扶植民权,训练人民的素质,目标是建立宪政民主政体,有涤荡专制旧污与防止民主异化为民粹主义之双重使命。但其所提训政设想还是遗留内外双重缺陷,且相互关联,形成恶性互动,使其训政设想目标与手段悄然背离,不但制约其所提训政设想双重使命的实现,同时也遗有长远后患。     

广州泮塘古村与荔湾湖公园的景观有机整合

泮塘古村与荔湾湖公园一墙之隔,自古"湖——村"一体、相伴相融,现却沦为坐以待毙的"城中村"。荔湾湖公园实乃一座园林史迹悠久丰富的历史文化公园,现却"水———陆"比例失调、陆域面积不足,且面临游客容量严重超标的困境。建议将泮塘古村与荔湾湖公园有机整合、综合管理;既能用公园环境有效保护古村落特有的历史文化遗存,又能增扩公园陆地活动空间,使地域性乡土园林景观多样完美。     

Spatial autoregression with repeated measurements for social networks

Spatial autoregressive model (SAR) is found useful to estimate the social autocorrelation in social networks recently. However, the rapid development of information technology enables researchers to collect repeated measurements for a given social network. The SAR model for social networks is designed for cross-sectional data and is thus not feasible. In this article, we propose a new model which is referred to as SAR with random effects (SARRE) for social networks. It could be considered as a natural combination of two types of models, the SAR model for social networks and a particular type of mixed model. To solve the problem of high computational complexity in large social networks, a pseudo-maximum likelihood estimate (PMLE) is proposed. The asymptotic properties of the estimate are established. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by extensive numerical studies and a real data example.     

男民工与阶层、社会性别、性的主体建构

农民工的“性”问题日益受到社会的关注。本文基于北京地区四个工地136位民工的访谈,以工地男民工“谈小姐”为切入点,将“谈小姐”视为男民工日常生活中的言说实践,以扎根理论的视角来探究“谈话”这种日常活动的建构意义。本文并不停留于男民工对“小姐”形象（谈论的客体）的构建,而是更进一步地探讨：（1）在“谈小姐”的言说实践过程中男民工如何构建出自身的阶层地位、社会性别与性文化;（2）分析阶层、社会性别、性这三者的关系。通过这种主体建构的呈现,本文试图揭示男民工如何寻找自己在这个社会中的定位,以及寻找现实生活中积极的生存策略。     

Effectiveness of Social Welfare Programmes in East Asia: A Case Study of Taiwan

Using the 2008 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, this study examined the effectiveness of social welfare programmes in Taiwan. The empirical evidence shows that most types of social welfare spending were limited in 2008. However, the social welfare programmes that were in place substantially reduced income inequality in Taiwan. Using the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) poverty threshold, the results reveal that 14 per cent of the sample's families were poor in terms of market income, but this figure decreased to 7 per cent after government intervention. Income inequality in Taiwan was similar to that of other East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea, but Taiwan spent much less money on social welfare programmes than OECD countries, and therefore Taiwan's reduction of poverty was much lower as well.     

生态文明视域下欠发达地区低碳经济发展探析

欠发达地区是区域生态文明建设的难点,当前,国际社会的低碳发展转型趋势为欠发达地区的跨越式发展和生态文明建设带来了新的契机,发展低碳经济成为欠发达地区生态文明建设的突破口。但目前欠发达地区的低碳发展道路仍面临着诸多障碍:对脱贫路径的认识误区带来的观念障碍、后发性导致的选择障碍、创新能力不足构成的技术障碍、财政困难和市场需求惨淡招致的资金障碍、落后技术和低端产业造成的锁定障碍。及早采取措施和行动突破上述障碍,顺应低碳发展的潮流和趋势,走适合区域实际的低碳发展之路,是欠发达地区生态文明建设的有效路径,也是欠发达地区提升竞争力,加快发展和更好发展的有效路径。     

Competency‐based Education: Evidence from Social Work Postgraduates from Five Universities in China

Social work education in China has undergone rapid development during last two decades. However, methods to define, measure, and evaluate social work students' competency remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated competency in graduate social work students in China and examined factors that impacted competency, based on learning theory. Findings indicated that knowledge and skills learned in class, field placement, and social context all have effects on competency. How students think about individual development and the social work profession has the most significant effect. These findings carry implications for social work education in the Chinese context. The rapid development of social work education in China requires the effective measurement and evaluation of students' core competencies.