Sexuality and school shootings: what role does teasing play in school massacres?

Conventional explanations - lax gun control laws, media violence, single and working parents - do not adequately explain the recent spate of school shootings, and neither does bullying by itself, an explanation recently gaining more traction. A certain type of bullying, however, is revealed as particularly culpable. Many of the recent shootings share a disturbing component: The perpetrators were repeatedly, even relentlessly, accused by "preps and jocks" of being gay. Gay harassment is proposed as a point of departure for understanding the causes of school shootings. When boys who believe on some level that they warrant privilege, are instead harassed, they may feel driven to avenge the "wrong," and re-assert a more dominant, powerful, and victorious masculinity. These circumstances call for a cultural transformation such that "boys will be boys" is no longer used as an alibi for violence. The author presents implications for school-based social work practice, teacher and administrator interventions, as well as other prevention strategies.     

Foreign-born emigration: A new approach and estimates based on matched CPS files

The utility of postcensal population estimates depends on the adequate measurement of four major components of demographic change: fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Of the four components, emigration, especially of the foreign-born, has proved the most difficult to gauge. Without "direct" methods (i.e., methods identifying who emigrates and when), demographers have relied on indirect approaches, such as residual methods. Residual estimates, however are sensitive to inaccuracies in their constituent parts and are particularly ill-suited for measuring the emigration of recent arrivals. Here we introduce a new method for estimating foreign-born emigration that takes advantage of the sample design of the Current Population Survey (CPS): repeated interviews of persons in the same housing units over a period of 16 months. Individuals appearing in a first March Supplement to the CPS but not the next include those who died in the intervening year, those who moved within the country, and those who emigrated. We use statistical methods to estimate the proportion of emigrants among those not present in the follow-up interview. Our method produces emigration estimates that are comparable to those from residual methods in the case of longer-term residents (immigrants who arrived more than 10 years ago), but yields higher--and what appear to be more accurate--estimates for recent arrivals. Although somewhat constrained by sample size, we also generate estimates by age, sex, region of birth, and duration of residence in the United States.     

Factors associated with 'feeling suicidal': the role of sexual identity

This paper examines factors associated with feeling suicidal in a large sample of urban men in Sydney and Melbourne, aged 18-50, including heterosexual, gay and bisexual men, HIV antibody positive and HIV antibody negative. As in previous research, sexuality (being homosexual or bisexual) was found to be a major predictor of suicidality. The research went some way towards explaining the close relationship between feeling suicidal and sexual orientation. Sexuality interacts with feeling bad in that, once men feel moderately bad/depressed, they are more likely to feel suicidal if they are homosexual or bisexual than if they are heterosexual. In addition, the research found that experience of verbal abuse and physical assault (harassment) increased feeling suicidal for both heterosexual and gay/bisexual men, not just for homosexual men as suggested by previous research, and that social isolation in the form of living alone is a further risk factor. Seeking counseling help and taking sexual risks were also independently associated with feeling suicidal. These actions may result from feeling suicidal rather than the reverse, and their association with feeling suicidal warrants further research. Many of the 46 independent variables examined in the research, including HIV antibody status and closeness to the HIV/ AIDS epidemic, were related to feeling suicidal only through their association with being gay/bisexual. Celibacy and general risk taking were not related to feeling suicidal in this study.     

Doing it from your heart: the role of older women as informal volunteers

This paper explores the contributions made by older women to the community as informal volunteers. It argues that ageing policy is not gender neutral and tends to ignore the contributions made by women outside paid work. As well as being ignored in policy, women's unpaid roles have been denigrated by some feminist commentators, who suggest that these roles subordinate the position of women. The aim of the present paper is to explore the lived experiences of older women in relation to their informal volunteer roles, using role identity theory as a framework. The study utilizes data from a qualitative study using focus group methodology. Findings demonstrate that informal volunteering contributes to the women's identity and gives their lives meaning. These findings suggest that a more positive policy framework around ageing is needed to ensure that the worth of these contributions is recognised.     

研究生学术规范与实验室安全现状及策略

近年来,学术造假抄袭、实验室安全事故频发成为社会热点话题,带来极大的负面影响。加强研究生学术规范和实验室安全,对于建设研究生教育强国、推进学术风气和环境建设、引导研究生塑造德才兼备综合素质具有重要意义。学术不端事件及实验室安全事故是法规制度、教育引导、检测审核等多方面不健全、不完善共同作用的结果,需要进一步健全机制体系,明确责任义务;加强教育引导,培养底线思维;强化检测甄别,严格审核把关。     

亚洲的HIV/AIDS水平将达到撒哈拉以南非洲的水平吗?

尽管对于任何一种致数百万人死亡的疾病都应竭尽所能地予以斗争,对本文标题所提出问题的简短回答却是:"不".我10年以前在<社会科学与医学>(Social Science and Medicine)杂志的社论中第一次阐述了这个问题,至今这一观点没有发生变化,它所依据的是近期的一些相关报告.     

我为什么要出版电子版学术专著?

在电子版的文献中 ,电子期刊看来发展最快 ,这可能是由于印刷版的学术刊物涨价太快的缘故。所以 ,电子期刊问题特别引起人们的关注。但是 ,对电子版学术专著的重要性也不该低估。从学术专著出版情况看 ,以英国为例 ,在过去 1 0年内(1 985～ 1 995 ) ,学术著作总量从 2 5 0 0 0种增长到45 0 0 0种 (含新版本 )。但目前关于电子版专著的情况在文献中尚未有所反映 ,为此笔者着重对英国学术著作电子版出版情况进行了调查 ,并且与北美进行了比较。在对 80种学术专著和教科书出版社的调查中 ,有 2 3家 (占总数 2 8.75 % )出版了电子版学术专著 ,5 …     

国家的生存:情报和社会研究者

本文是迎接1979年10月召开的白宫图书馆与情报服务会议的文章之一.人文科学和社会科学的预测牵涉到许多变项.社会科学研究个体的人和人类团体.同那些不管人类存在或不存在,而无情地回转着的天体不一样,社会的未来却依靠人类本身,人们的思想以及随之产生的行动.人类能够通过情报,学到东西,这是别的动物所办不到的.如果我们聪明地运用这种能力,那么我们不但有可能生存下去,而且还能过高质量的生活.     

美国的科学政策

《美国的科学政策——1939到现在》一书(修订版),1972年由美国麻省理工学院出版,编者是四位历史学家.全书共分六个部分:一、导言:历史的概述,二、准备和战争,三、战后科学的规划(1945-1950),四、本世纪中叶(1950-1957),五、反应的年代(1957-1965),六、衰退中的体系(1965-1970).编者依据大量材料(其中包括许多美国官方文件),对美国自1939到1970年的科学体制和政策作了历史的论述.对我们研究美国的科学政策和体制的演变有一定参考价值.下面是本书主要内容的简要介绍.