Testing spatial randomness based on empirical distribution function: A study on lattice data

In this article, we extended the empirical distribution function based test statistic _Ik$I_k$ of Skaug and Tjostheim [1993. Nonparametric test of serial independence based on the empirical distribution function. Biometrika 80, 591–602] in the time series setting to _Dn$D_n$ for spatial lattice data and derived the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic _Dn$D_n$ under the null hypothesis of spatial independence. The size and power of the proposed test statistic under conditional autoregressive model (CAR) were simulated. We applied _Dn$D_n$, Moran's I and Geary's c   to the transformed and well-studied sudden infant death syndrome data from North Carolina and found that _Dn$D_n$ produced a much smaller p$p$-value in testing spatial independence.     

中国现代化的社会结构转型与马克思主义实践

各文明体系中社会要素的生长积累具有同步性,但社会要素作用的发挥离不开一定的社会结构.社会结构是联系社会要素和社会形态的中介环节,只有在一定的社会结构中,各种社会要素才能被汇集为一种"力",从而推动社会形态的演进.中国明代在社会要素的积累方面与西方相近,却没有像西方那样转入近现代社会,这一现象只能从社会形式即关系结构中得到解释.马克思主义在中国的实践推动了中国社会结构转型而真正迈入现代化进程.     

心性之学与意义世界

陈来认为,宋明理学之所以成为理学,全在于它形成了一套相对稳定的话语体系。深入细致地研究这一话语体系的形成过程,有利于总结和提炼中国学术思想话语体系的构型特性。杨国荣认为,对心性和体性的关注,构成了理学的重要特点。心性之学分别从人自身的存在和人与对象关系的维度展开了对意义的追寻。向世陵认为,宋代理学所创造的"成性"说奠定了理学的本体范畴,是儒学复兴的最重要理论标志;宋代理学本体论的创立使儒学在理论上真正获得了新生。孔令宏认为,宋明理学对道家、道教的吸收,丰富了儒学的体用合一论和功夫境界论,提升了儒学的哲理思辨水平,充实了儒家的思想体系,促进了儒学的新发展。     

Understanding ethnic visibility through language use: the case of Taiwan Hakka

This study investigates how the ethnic visibility of Taiwan Hakka is improved through language use. The usage of a unique Hakka symbolic code <nganggiang stiff neck> is focused on. Based on data from the four Taiwan major newspapers, an analysis with text techniques shows that the code emerges along with social-political developments in Taiwan, with its meaning turning from negative to positive connotation. Its frequency is highly correlated with major political events in Taiwan, with peaks during the two or three years before presidential elections. It illustrates semiotic innovation, extending from Hakka to Hakka non-human, to non-Hakka, and to non-Hakka non-human frames. The salient image it creates increases Hakka ethnic visibility and enhances their ethnic identity. A significant implication is that minority ethnic groups can employ a unique symbolic code, empowering it with positive connotation. Through extensive language use, its representation can raise their ethnic visibility and enhance their ethnic identity.     

Characterizations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-cutwidth critical trees

The cutwidth problem for a graph G is to embed G into a path such that the maximum number of overlap edges (i.e., the congestion) is minimized. The investigations of critical graphs and their structures are meaningful in the study of a graph-theoretic parameters. We study the structures of k-cutwidth \((k>1)\) critical trees, and use them to characterize the set of all 4-cutwidth critical trees.     

Effects of placement point of background music on shopping website

Consumer on-line behaviors are more important than ever due to highly growth of on-line shopping. The purposes of this study were to design placement methods of background music for shopping website and examine the effect on browsers' emotional and cognitive response. Three placement points of background music during the browsing, i.e. 2 min., 4 min., and 6 min. from the start of browsing were considered for entry points. Both browsing without music (no music) and browsing with constant music volume (full music) were treated as control groups. Participants' emotional state, approach-avoidance behavior intention, and action to adjust music volume were collected. Results showed that participants had a higher level of pleasure, arousal and approach behavior intention for the three placement points than for no music and full music. Most of the participants for full music (5/6) adjusted the background music. Only 16.7% (3/18) participants for other levels turn off the background music. The results indicate that playing background music after the start of browsing is benefit for on-line shopping atmosphere. It is inappropriate to place background music at the start of browsing shopping website. The marketer must manipulated placement methods of background music for a web store carefully.     

党的执政能力建设和邓小平选人用人理论

党的十六届四中全会通过了《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》。为深刻领会和贯彻落实这一决定中的深化干部人事制度改革,建设一支善于治国理政的高素质干部队伍的要求,本文着重研究探讨了邓小平的选人用人理论的三大方面。这对于我们当前切实加强党的执政能力建设有着一定的现实意义。     

论人力资本的专用性与企业制度

专用性人力资本是每项交易的核心,人力资本的专用性投资在许多方面均比非人力资本的投资更有探讨价值。人力资本的交易专用性是企业专业化分工与协作的产物,随着专业化分工与协作的发展,不仅造成了企业成员个人的人力资本专用性,而且也创造出了企业成员与关系团队不可分离的人力资本专用性。无论是个人型专用性人力资本,还是团队型专用性人力资本,它们都是企业专用性准租金的来源。人力资本的“团队专用性”和“中心签约代理人”这两个概念或变量可能是控制企业剩余的权力基础和来源。     

A comparative study of social assistance systems in Macao and Hong Kong

This article compares social assistance systems in Macao and Hong Kong. It finds that Macao delivers a higher level of social assistance benefits, whereas Hong Kong has a larger group of social assistance beneficiaries. The Hong Kong Government spends a larger amount on social assistance provision and imposes tougher controls on the recipients, compared to Macao. The results of the comparison indicate that Macao and Hong Kong differ markedly in the type of productivist welfare regime they belong and challenge the assertion that the two welfare systems form a distinct welfare model.