Decomposition of aggregate defective rate in batch production

In batch/short run production, changes in productmix (or inter-product demand) can have a significant impact on the overall process defective rate, but this effect neglected in process quality analysis. This paper describes the use of a decomposition technique to single out this effect and the effect associated with changes in real process performance. The technique allows both effects to be expressed in indices which conveniently summarize information in a more concise and is often usable form. The results of an application study using a set of batch/short-run production data are presented.     

民办高校大学生思想状况调查与分析

对大一年级新生的思想状况进行问卷调查及个别访谈,发现本校大学生的思想状况主流呈现出积极健康的态势,也存在许多不足与危机,表明民办高校的思想政治工作存在着较大的改善空间。     

闲暇与幸福的关系：一个被遗忘的德性伦理问题

在亚里士多德的学说中,闲暇与幸福的关系是作为一个德性伦理问题被提出和探讨的。亚里士多德认为闲暇既是实现幸福的手段,也是幸福本身,两者通过德性达成统一。现代休闲研究也关注休闲与幸福之间的关系,这种关注看似是对亚里士多德关于闲暇与幸福关系探讨的延续,但实际上更偏向于从社会心理学或历史角度研究,缺乏德性伦理学的理论基础。当代德性伦理研究中虽有学者提倡恢复亚里士多德论及的德性与幸福的概念,却未体现出对闲暇概念的足够重视。这一方面是因为闲暇内在包含的古典精英主义论调在现代社会的不适用性;另一方面则是因为闲暇在当代德性伦理学的发展中失去了其对于实现幸福的必要性。重返亚里士多德的德性伦理框架,有助于厘清休闲与幸福的关系,从而引导人们理性判断休闲活动的适当性,合理安排休闲时间,并通过休闲实现美好生活。     

气候变化与都市现代农业发展

本文讨论了在气候变化大背景下都市现代农业的未来发展,作为与先进的科学技术和生活方式紧密结合的一种农业经营方式,都市农业不仅可以借鉴传统农业的经验,而且有条件通过发挥自身的优势和不断的尝试,为气候变化下的传统农业寻找应对挑战的路径。     

德国性别预算模式解读及其启示

自1984年澳大利亚推行妇女预算行动项目．引入性别预算行动以来,性别预算在世界范围内历经近三十年的发展与演化,已在全世界70多个国家中不同程度地实施,德国便是其中之一。作为开展性别预算诸多国家中的佼佼者．德国自上世纪90年代起便结合本国国情．在柏林、慕尼黑等地对性别预算进行了理论与实践相结合的探索与尝试,并将其落实到法律政策制度、国家机构和工作管理机制以及社会性别分析体系等层面。相形之下,我国的性别预算起步较晚。其制度模式与分析体系仍有待完善．德国的经验对我国性别预算的自主开展具有重要的启示与借鉴作用。     

民间组织从事对外援助:以中国扶贫基金会援助非洲为例

当中国学者讨论对外援助时,主要关注的是政府对外援助,而往往忽略民间对外援助。然而,后者的重要性日益提升,在某些国家甚至超过前者,以至于西方学者开始讨论"对外援助的私有化"。本文选择民间组织从事对外援助作为主题,不仅是想填补民间对外援助研究的空白,还想突显出一项重要发展,亦即在中国企业走出去之后,中国民间组织也开始走出去,并勾勒出两者之间的因果关系,以及中国政府在背后的推动作用。然而,中国民间组织如果想要更多地从事对外援助的话,还需要中国政府与中国企业的更多支持。最后,讨论这项议题对于中国外交的意义。     

Cross-Cultural Difference in Subjective Wellbeing: Cultural Response Bias as an Explanation

This study investigates whether the Australian-Chinese differences in subjective wellbeing (SWB) can be attributed to cultural response bias (CRB) caused by the influence of Chinese culture. Four samples are compared: Australians, first generation Chinese immigrants, second generation Chinese immigrants, and Hong Kong Chinese. It is hypothesized that the effects of CRB on means scores and variance will be the highest for Hong Kong Chinese, followed by Australian Chinese immigrants and second generation, and the lowest for Australians. These predictions were generally supported. Income is used as a covariate to test whether the predicted pattern of results remain unchanged. The result was affirmative. CRB is thus verified as contributing to the SWB difference between the Australians and Hong Kong Chinese. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Abuse and Neglect Experienced by Aging Chinese in Canada

The traditional values of Chinese culture promote care and respect toward older adults. While it appears to be ironic to discuss issues of abuse and neglect in the Chinese culture, research findings in Chinese societies do indicate the occurrences of such problems. However, little research on the abuse and neglect of older Chinese in Western societies has been available. This study aims to examine the incidence of abuse and neglect and the associated correlates based on data collected from a random sample of 2,272 aging Chinese 55 years and older in seven Canadian cities. The findings show that 4.5% of the participants reported experiencing at least one incident of maltreatment or neglect within the past year. The most common forms of neglect and abuse experienced by the aging Chinese include being scolded, yelled at, treated impolitely all the time, and ridiculed. Close family members such as spouses and sons are those that most commonly maltreat older Chinese. Those who were more likely to report at least one incident of maltreatment or neglect were older adults living with others; they tended to have no education, more access barriers, more chronic illnesses, less favorable mental health, and a higher level of identification with Chinese cultural values. The findings implied that the face value of respect and care received by older people in Chinese culture should not be taken for granted. Culturally appropriate precautionary steps are needed for prevention and early problem identification.