信息不对称下价格随机的应急数量折扣契约研究

以市场需求和市场价格随机波动的二级供应链为研究对象,寻找其在信息不对称条件下绩效优化的路径。通过显示原理分别构建生产成本和销售成本信息不对称时应急供应链的数量折扣契约模型,得到最优订货量与最佳批发价策略。通过具体的算例加以验证,分析了信息不对称程度对供应链上成员及整个供应链绩效的影响。研究结果表明：当突发事件造成市场价格随机波动和市场需求变化时,供应链上的跟随者能从隐瞒私人信息中获利。但当市场需求增大时,整个供应链绩效受损,反之则反是。这与以往研究在市场需求随机、市场价格固定和信息不对称条件下的结论迥异。     

Trust,Social Capital,and the Coordination of Relationships Between the Members of Cooperatives: A Comparison Between Member-Focused Cooperatives and Third-Party-Focused Cooperatives

In recent years, nonprofit scholars have increasingly studied the phenomenon of social enterprises which has become a generic term describing a wider reorientation among third sector organizations. The emergence of social enterprises has also led to a dynamic of hybridization and broadening in the cooperative sector, similar to an earlier dynamic of “economization”, but this time on the other end of the organizational spectrum. This paper aims at developing a fine-grained conceptual understanding of how this organizational dynamic is shaped in terms of member coordination, thus contributing to a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of different organizational forms of cooperatives. Specifically, to highlight the difference to traditional member-focused cooperatives, the paper introduces the term third-party-focused cooperatives for those social enterprises which emphasize economic goals as well as control and ownership by a particular community (typically place-based). The key result of the paper is that with the shift from member- to community-focus in cooperatives, the main coordination mechanism becomes one of norm-based trust on the basis of generalized reciprocity. In contrast to traditional maxim-based trust member coordination on the basis of relation-specific reciprocity, this enables third-party-focused cooperatives to mobilize bridging and linking social capital, facilitating collective action aimed towards the community interest. The findings suggest that this identity shift requires a mutual re-positioning between the cooperative and the nonprofit sector, in terms of umbrellas as well as regulatory and legislative bodies.     

Changing land tenure patterns in Scotland: A time for reform?

Land tenure patterns throughout Britain have changed significantly. The popularity of the traditional agricultural tenancy has declined and in response to legislative and policy developments landowners have become reluctant to enter into long-term tenancy arangements with tenants. The result has been a growth in a number of short term leases. In response, legislative reform took place in England and Wales during 1995 and introduced a farm business tenancy. It provides for greater freedom to negotiate individual agreements. However, Scotland has been excluded. This paper illustrates that Scotland has experienced similar changes to those observed elsewhere and that the main short term lease (limited partnership tenancy) currently popular with Scottish landowners is fraught with legal and administrative difficulties. The limited partnership tenancy is not a suitable alternative to the traditional agricultural tenancy and as such there may be a case for the extension of the farm business tenancy to Scotland.     

大学生信用卡消费现象

信用卡消费是近年来在大学校园里面流行起来的一种新的消费方式,本文在概述大学校园信用卡消费现象的基础上,从信用卡本身的特点、银行商业宣传、青年心理特征以及消费主义蔓延等四个方面分析了该现象产生的原因,并对信用卡消费有可能给当代大学生带来的影响作出了一定的思考。     

对神灵的殷勤与祭祀

仪式的流程是所有与神灵和祖先相关的中国仪式中最为基础的。这些仪式所涉及的是组织仪式活动的祭祀者以及接受祭祀并能够对祭祀活动作出反应的神灵之间的一种关系。在人类学中对仪式的描述有两种范式。一种是“殷勤”（hospitality）,另一种则是“祭祀”（sacrifice）。     

当代中国的音乐及社会差序——京剧票友会与摇滚乐队“派对”比较研究

本文主要探讨当代中国的两种音乐活动形式——京剧票友会以及摇滚乐队派对。这两种音乐形式虽然在风格上截然不同,但是两种社团在结构上却存在着一定的相似性。这两种活动形式基本上都具有我们所称之为＂为位＂（positioning）的行为,参与者由此在音乐活动中找到他们各自的位置。而且,两种活动形式都涉及到＂外来者的融入＂（outsider integration）,即允许陌生人的参与并在活动中找到他们的位置。     

State of scientific knowledge about the need of recovery time at specific workplaces and recommendations for further research

Research activities to determine the need of recovery time at work were mainly performed in the 1970s and 1980s. Previous studies were largely based on expert opinions or were generated within small and non-representative groups. Often, laboratory experiments were carried out with a low number of subjects. Especially during the last decade, only little additional scientific knowledge was generated on this topic. The very resource intensive development of more detailed results based on the existing level of scientific knowledge is assumed as one reason for this. In general, it seems to be reasonable to continue further research on the knowledge generated in previous studies, but implement larger samples and more representative groups. Besides, according to monotonous manual work, more research is especially needed regarding relative operating forces and operation frequencies taken grip conditions and hand/body position into account.     

政治吸纳与先富群体的政治参与——基于浙江省的调查与思考

先富群体尤其是私营企业主对政治参与的热衷已经引起社会各界人士的广泛关注.本文基于作者于2004-2005年在浙江所做的实地调查,对先富群体政治参与的态度与渠道、实质及影响力作了归纳与分析,在此基础上提出让先富人群的政治参与得到有效地实现并将其纳入有序的参与轨道上来的对策.文章还就相关的理论议题作了评析.文章的基本结论是:浙江先富群体的政治参与已经从分配性、动员性的政治参与转变为竞争性、自主性、自我保护性的政治参与,但其象征性意义依然大于实质性的政治运作;需要通过开放政治空间,拓宽政治参与渠道,强化政治参与的制度化建设,使先富人群的政治参与得到有效的实现并将其纳入有序的参与轨道上来.     

单片机控制器在卷染机中的应用

】将卷染机的控制系统从直流电机拖动、自耦调压器有级调速改造为交流电机拖动和变频器无级调速。通过对调节对象的理论分析,得到了一种新的控制策略,研制出以单片机为核心的控制器,在不使用速度和张力传感器的条件下,控制系统可自动对被染织物进行恒速与恒张力控制,以利于染色质量的稳定和提高。经实际运行表明,该系统运行可靠,节能增效显著。     

《物权法》对构建法治政府的积极推动和深远影响——从公法学角度透视

《物权法》是民法的重要组成部分,但它有着明显的公法因素,对国家公权力及其行为必然带来深刻的影响。这些影响突出表现为:必须确立物权的平等保护观念、提高对私有财产的保护意识、倡导高效利民的服务理念等。今后应当通过构建统一登记的工作机制、登记错误的赔偿机制、国有财产的管理机制和征收征用的程序机制等,切实保障该法律的有效实施。