Region-specific versus country-specific poverty lines in analysis of poverty

An analysis of poverty based on a country-specific income poverty line suffers from disregarding regional differences in prices and needs within a country and may, therefore, produce results that give a misleading picture of the extent of poverty as well as the geographic and demographic composition of the poor. To account for differences in prices and needs, this paper introduces an alternative method for identifying the poor based on a set of region-specific poverty lines. Applying Norwegian household register data for 2001 we find that the national level of poverty is only slightly affected by the change in definition of poverty line. However, the geographic as well as the demographic poverty profiles are shown to depend heavily on whether the method for identifying the poor relies on region- or country-specific thresholds. As expected, the results demonstrate that an analysis of poverty based on a country-specific threshold produces downward biased poverty rates in urban areas and upward biased poverty rates in rural areas. Moreover, when region-specific poverty thresholds form the basis of the poverty analysis, we find that the poverty rates among young singles and non-western immigrants are significantly higher than what is suggested by previous empirical evidence based on a joint country-specific poverty line.     

Changing American home life: trends in domestic leisure and storage among middle-class families

This study of middle-class American families draws on ethnography and urban economic history, focusing on patterns of leisure time and household consumption and clutter. We trace how residential life evolved historically from cramped urban quarters into contemporary middle-class residences and examine how busy working families use house spaces. Our ethnographic sample consists of 24 Los Angeles families in which both parents work full time, have young children, and own their homes. Formal datasets include systematically timed family uses of home spaces, a large digital archive of photographs, and family-narrated video home tours. This analysis highlights a salient home-storage crisis, a marked shift in the uses of yards and garages, and the dissolution of outdoor leisure for busy working parents. The UCLA Center on Everyday Lives of Families (CELF) is generously supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation program on the Workplace, Workforce, and Working Families. Anthony Graesch assisted with the tables. Additional information about CELF can be found at www.celf.ucla.edu.     

蒙、藏、回、满等少数民族对抗日战争的杰出贡献

在中国共产党团结抗日民族政策的感召下,蒙、藏、回、满等少数民族积极投身到抗日救国的战争中,为全民族的解放,为世界反法西斯战争的胜利作出了巨大的民族牺牲和不可磨灭的历史贡献。     

高校共青团工作的辩证统一

在各种社会思潮层出不穷、青年学生价值取向和利益诉求多元化的新形势下,结合高校共青团工作实际,运用唯物主义辩证法,系统分析了共青团工作的工作方向、工作方法、工作对象、工作目的和工作动力五个问题.认为应坚持在对立中寻求统一,坚持统一性和斗争性相结合,不断提高高校共青团工作科学化水平.     

农村选举中的资源竞争与制度供给

当前一些地区的村委会选举中发生各种违规行为,甚至出现严重的暴力冲突事件。要分析其中的关键因素,可以从建立理论框架着手,依据共有资源竞争与制度供给相关理论,结合我国农村地区在取消农业税之后的治理结构现状,对村集体资源的竞争在何种情况下可能出现"失序",并进而导致暴力和冲突的发生进行分析。集体资源的收益大小会显著影响选举冲突的发生及其激烈程度;但其背后的关键作用机制,则是制度供给不足导致的基层治理能力弱化。要改变这种状况,除了需要鼓励乡镇一级基层政府更多地承担监管责任外,也应加强村庄内部的决策参与机制建设。     

论高师院校钢琴教学中应注意的几个问题

针对高等师范院校的钢琴教学普遍存在的一些问题,我们必须改革培养模式,明确培养目标;革新教学形式;更新教学方法和教学内容,以提高培养质量。     

李达与马克思主义法理学中国化的肇启——基于湖南大学讲义《法理学大纲》的考察

李达是最早在中国宣传马克思主义的革命巨匠之一,也是马克思主义法理学中国化的奠基人。李达于湖南大学任教时所著讲义《法理学大纲》是我国第一本马克思主义法理学著作,首次用科学的世界观构建了一个完整的法理学体系。其阐述了马克思主义法学的基本原理,提出了法学研究的科学方法和研究对象,为马克思主义法学中国化探索了现实路径。《法理学大纲》确立了马克思主义法理学的思想基础和哲学依据,对法理学哲学派、自然派、分析学派、历史学派、比较学派、社会学派等其他学派进行了批判性分析。在李达之前,法理学研究虽初具规模,但多为舶来品的翻译介绍,《法理学大纲》 将马克思主义普遍原理结合中国现实,体现了法理学研究本土化的趋势,彰显了中国法学研究的自主性与理论自觉。     

论家庭信托的历史发展及其当代价值

家庭信托是最早的一种信托形式,是人们运用用益方法处分土地这种家庭财产的产物。在用益制的结构中,委托人、受托人和受益人三者之间关联互动,构成土地用益关系的基本要素。在用益制发展的早期,普通法只承认委托人与受托人之间土地转让行为的法律效力,但受益人与受托人之间的用益关系仍属道德调整的范畴。衡平法兴起之后,才逐渐将受托人与受益人之间的关系界定为法律关系,后又以判例形式确认了“双重用益”的有效性,家庭信托由此产生。基于信托的财产隔离功能,设立家庭信托的家庭财产与委托人、受托人和受益人的其他财产相区隔,避免了财产混同和损失。家庭信托早期主要用于家庭财产安排,而在当今社会的价值则体现在家族财富和事业的传承上。土地财产管理是家庭信托的一种原始基础功能,信托机构可将其应用于我国家庭土地财产的管理。     

藏族农牧民人权享有的人类学和民族法学探析

藏族农牧民是人权享有的主体,除了反映藏族人权状况的宏观研究外,还应选择对藏族农牧民人权享有的微观进行实证研究,以补充宏观研究之不足。由于微观研究的对象是以村落为代表的藏族小规模社会,所以适用于人类学和民族法学的理论与方法,以此证明藏族农牧民人权享有的真实性特征。     

Intergenerational Transmission of Gambling: Links Between Young Adult and Perceived Grandparent Gambling Attitudes and Behavior

This study examined associations between the gambling attitudes and behavior of 213 young adults and their perceptions of the gambling attitudes and behavior of their closest grandparent. Regression analyses showed that young adult gambling attitudes mediated the relations between perceived grandparent gambling attitudes and behavior and young adult gambling behavior. Grandparent–grandchild relationship quality experienced while growing up did not moderate the relations between young adult and perceived grandparent gambling attitudes and behavior. Men experienced gambling at a younger age and reported more positive gambling attitudes, more frequent gambling activity, higher levels of gambling pathology, and higher levels of gambling affinity than women. Implications of results and suggestions for future research are discussed.