物我谐和的唐诗生态世界及其现代意义

从现存为数颇丰的唐诗看,唐代诗人承传并弘扬了<风><骚>及汉魏六朝文学的自然生态意识.由于受本朝儒、释、道思想以及投笔从戎的边塞生活、官吏贬谪的特殊经历等因素的共同影响,唐诗中表达的人与自然的关系,已达到了天人合一、空前融洽的地步.唐代诗人与草木虫鱼等自然生态和谐相处的思想和实践,在唐诗中主要表现在十大方面,即:(1)与物谐乐;(2)以物为友;(3)颂物以美;(4)感物惠德;(5)赏物生趣;(5)悲物悯人;(7)由物悟理;(8)托物寄怀;(9)假物以讽;(10)护物有责.唐诗中浓郁的关爱自然生态意识,是唐代诗人精神境界的生动体现,对当下大力倡导保护自然环境、构建和谐社会、促进社会主义精神文明建设,具有不可忽视的借鉴意义与启迪作用.     

论中国古诗意象与西方意象派诗歌

意象是中国古典文艺理论固有的概念和表现手段.西方意象派诗歌虽然借鉴了中国古典诗歌的艺术表达方式,与之有诸多相通之处,但却夸张地运用中国古典文学中用来表现主观情绪的意象手段并融入西欧象征主义成分,把对意象的刻画演化为诗歌的终极目的.而中西方在自然观、哲学思想和文字系统等诸多方面的差异导致西方意象派与中国传统意义上的意象存在着诸多不同.     

中国资本账户渐进开放与银行业脆弱性的实证分析

一、资本账户开放与银行体系的脆弱性:理论与国际经验 McKinnon & Pill(1997)、Levy-Yeyati(1999)和Detragiache(1999)从理论上解释了资本账户开放与银行体系脆弱性增加的原因.     

中国经济增长与环境污染关系的Kuznets曲线

一、引言关于经济增长与环境污染之间的关系,国内外很多学者进行了大量研究。1992年,美国经济学家G·Grossman和A·Kureger对此提出了一个环境Kuznets曲线(Environment Kuznets Curve,EKC)的假设[1]。该假设试图说明如果没有一定的环境政策干预,一个国家的整体环境质量或污染水平是随着经济增长和经济实力的积累呈先恶化后改善的趋势。他们采用跨国数据说明了EKC的存在,即最初环境恶化程度随着人均GDP的上升而上升,达到一个转折点后,将随着人均GDP的上升而下降。并把这种现象归因于以下几点:(1)当人们越富有时,对环境质量的要求越高…     

中国地下经济研究与估计（1990～2004）

一、问题提出及背景对于我国经济增长率,国际组织、国内外专家学者纷纷提出GPD被“低估”或“高估”等种种说法。笔者认为,在我国处于这样的前所未有的社会转轨与经济转型的关键时期,中国的实际经济增长率明显地高于我国的预期,也高于世界其他机构的预测和估计。这部份由于官方统计之外存在的大量地下经济活动。随着我国社会转型的不断深化,大批农村剩余劳动力向城市迁移中产生了非正规部门就业。在城市化进程继续加快的过程中,我国的城乡劳动力流动变得更加自由,这都促使了农村剩余劳动力在这个过程中向非正规经济的扩展。地下经济在我国…     

Testing the Significance of Categorical Predictor Variables in Nonparametric Regression Models

In this paper we propose a test for the significance of categorical predictors in nonparametric regression models. The test is fully data-driven and employs cross-validated smoothing parameter selection while the null distribution of the test is obtained via bootstrapping. The proposed approach allows applied researchers to test hypotheses concerning categorical variables in a fully nonparametric and robust framework, thereby deflecting potential criticism that a particular finding is driven by an arbitrary parametric specification. Simulations reveal that the test performs well, having significantly better power than a conventional frequency-based nonparametric test. The test is applied to determine whether OECD and non-OECD countries follow the same growth rate model or not. Our test suggests that OECD and non-OECD countries follow different growth rate models, while the tests based on a popular parametric specification and the conventional frequency-based nonparametric estimation method fail to detect any significant difference.     

Effects of unmeasured heterogeneity in the linear transformation model for censored data

We investigate the effect of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of the linear transformation model for censored survival data in the clinical trials setting. The unobserved heterogeneity is represented by a frailty term, with unknown distribution, in the linear transformation model. The bias of the estimate under the assumption of no unobserved heterogeneity when it truly is present is obtained. We also derive the asymptotic relative efficiency of the estimate of treatment effect under the incorrect assumption of no unobserved heterogeneity. Additionally we investigate the loss of power for clinical trials that are designed assuming the model without frailty when, in fact, the model with frailty is true. Numerical studies under a proportional odds model show that the loss of efficiency and the loss of power can be substantial when the heterogeneity, as embodied by a frailty, is ignored. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Estimation of Distribution Functions Using Data from Different Environments

Suppose that when a unit operatesin a certain environment, its lifetime has distribution G,and when the unit operates in another environment, its lifetimehas a different distribution, say F. Moreover, supposethe unit is operated for a certain period of time in the firstenvironment and is then transferred to the second environment.Thus we observe a censored lifetime in the first environmentand a failure time of a ``used' unit in the second environment.We propose an EM algorithm approach for obtaining a self-consistentestimator of F. Moreover, suppose using observations from both environments.The case where failure times are subject to right censoring isconsidered as well. We also establish the maximum likelihoodestimator of F. Moreover, suppose when the unit is repairable. Applicationand simulation studies are presented to illustrate the methodsderived.     

Dependence Estimation Over a Finite Bivariate Failure Time Region

This articleconcerns nonparametric estimation of association between bivariatefailure times. In the presence of independent right censoring,the support for failure time variates may be restricted and measuresof dependence over a finite failure time region may be of particularinterest. To this end, the reciprocal cross ratio function, weightedby the bivariate failure time density, is proposed as a summarymeasure of dependence over a failure time region. This `relativerisk' estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptoticallynormally distributed, with consistent bootstrap variance estimator.A finite-region version of Kendall's tau, which is suitable forcensored failure time data, is also proposed, and correspondingasymptotic distribution theory is noted. The accuracy of theseasymptotic approximations is studied in simulations and an illustrationis provided.     

毛泽东的社会主义改造理论及其意义

从新民主主义到社会主义的过渡时期,中国共产党在领导对生产资料私有制进行社会主义改造过程中积累了极其丰富的经验。毛泽东在总结和概括这些经验的基础上,创立的具有中国特色的马克思主义的社会主义改造理论,是对马克思列宁主义和国际共产主义运动的重大贡献。对毛泽东的这个重大贡献,今天我们也还需要从理论上加以阐述,阐述其内容和意义。