公共政策传递过程中科层损耗的博弈分析及启示

在公共政策传递过程中,公共政策制定者和地方执行者之间的互动构成了一种博弈关系.当公共政策制定者的效用函数与执行者的效用函数发生偏差时,个人价值最大化动机将导致执行者对公共政策作出符合其自身利益的理解并予以修正式执行,从而造成公共政策地方科层损耗,导致公共政策实际社会效益低于预期效益.本文在对地方科层损耗形成机制及其效应进行经济学分析的基础上,构建博弈模型深入阐释,并提出了相应的政策建议.该分析突出了对公共政策传递过程的研究,弥补了相关领域研究的不足,为提升公共政策执行效率、确保公共政策预期社会效益提供必要的理论支持.     

壮族原生型民间宗教结构及其特点

壮族的宗教包括原始宗教、原生型民间宗教和外来创生型宗教三个层次,其中原生型民间宗教--麽教和师公教具有代表性.它们的内部结构比较完整,基本具备了宗教的构成元素.与世界各种创生型宗教相比,仅在无地区性和全民性宗教领袖、无绝对权威主神的不同.壮族宗教的特点主要有8个方面,其中多种宗教神灵和谐共处,为国内外少见.     

英汉壮思维器官跨语言文化比较

思维是人类具有的共同能力之一。不同的民族运用不同的身体器官来思维和表达情感并形成自己独特的民族文化。对这些文化差异的认知,我们可以通过语言层面做具体的分析比较获得。就思维器官跨语言文化比较角度而言,英语民族倾向于用脑智"mind"(脑),汉族倾向于用心智"heart"(心),而壮族则倾向于用喉智"hoz"(throat喉咙,即用喉咙思维和表达情感)。通过跨语言文化比较,可以加深我们对文化差异及文化多样性的认识和理解,更好地进行跨文化交际活动。     

t-Type corrected-loss estimation for error-in-variable model

In this article, we consider a linear model in which the covariates are measured with errors. We propose a t-type corrected-loss estimation of the covariate effect, when the measurement error follows the Laplace distribution. The proposed estimator is asymptotically normal. In practical studies, some outliers that diminish the robustness of the estimation occur. Simulation studies show that the estimators are resistant to vertical outliers and an application of 6-minute walk test is presented to show that the proposed method performs well.     

Testing homogeneity in semiparametric mixture case–control models

Parametric and semiparametric mixture models have been widely used in applications from many areas, and it is often of interest to test the homogeneity in these models. However, hypothesis testing is non standard due to the fact that several regularity conditions do not hold under the null hypothesis. We consider a semiparametric mixture case–control model, in the sense that the density ratio of two distributions is assumed to be of an exponential form, while the baseline density is unspecified. This model was first considered by Qin and Liang (2011 Qin, J., Liang, K.Y. (2011). Hypothesis testing in a mixture case–control model. Biometrics 67(1):182–198.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], biometrics), and they proposed a modified score statistic for testing homogeneity. In this article, we consider alternative testing procedures based on supremum statistics, which could improve power against certain types of alternatives. We demonstrate the connection and comparison among the proposed and existing approaches. In addition, we provide a unified theoretical justification of the supremum test and other existing test statistics from an empirical likelihood perspective. The finite-sample performance of the supremum test statistics was evaluated in simulation studies.     

A new confidence interval in measurement error model with the reliability ratio known

For the slope parameter of the measurement error model with the reliability ratio known, this article constructs a fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI) which is proved to have correct asymptotic coverage. Simulation results demonstrate that the FGCI often outperforms the existing intervals in terms of empirical coverage probability, average interval length, and false parameter coverage rate. Two examples are also provided to illustrate our approach.     

Parallel and interacting stochastic approximation annealing algorithms for global optimisation

We present the parallel and interacting stochastic approximation annealing (PISAA) algorithm, a stochastic simulation procedure for global optimisation, that extends and improves the stochastic approximation annealing (SAA) by using population Monte Carlo ideas. The efficiency of standard SAA algorithm crucially depends on its self-adjusting mechanism which presents stability issues in high dimensional or rugged optimisation problems. The proposed algorithm involves simulating a population of SAA chains that interact each other in a manner that significantly improves the stability of the self-adjusting mechanism and the search for the global optimum in the sampling space, as well as it inherits SAA desired convergence properties when a square-root cooling schedule is used. It can be implemented in parallel computing environments in order to mitigate the computational overhead. As a result, PISAA can address complex optimisation problems that it would be difficult for SAA to satisfactory address. We demonstrate the good performance of the proposed algorithm on challenging applications including Bayesian network learning and protein folding. Our numerical comparisons suggest that PISAA outperforms the simulated annealing, stochastic approximation annealing, and annealing evolutionary stochastic approximation Monte Carlo.     

“马克思主义中国化”命题历史轨迹中的认识因素

The proposition"Marxism in China"has experienced an evolutionary process.Mao Zedong officially proposed it on the Sixth Plenum of the6th CPC Central Committee and withdrew it on the Seventh National People’s Congress.He tended to use"The Universal Truth of Marxism with China’s     

中国经济社会协调发展的经济社会学分析

经济社会协调发展是经济社会学的一个基本观点,经济社会学研究的一个重要目的和归宿点是为了促进经济社会的协调发展。深入研究分析科学发展观中的新表述、新思想、新观念、新目标、新要求,科学发展观就是一种经济社会协调和谐发展的理论,而其中所蕴涵的＂一核心四维度（价值核心、内容维、空间维、时间维、方法维）＂系统结构,就体现了经济社会学理论中系统观、时空观、进程观的有机统一,对经济社会发展协调发展理论进行了重大创新和发展。     

论数字化技术发展与著作权法律制度创新

主要探讨了数字化技术发展及数字化作品的界定、数字化作品与著作权客体的创新、数字化作品创作中的著作权冲突和网络传输与数字化作品传播权等问题,指出我国应在扩大著作权保护客体、建立著作权集体管理体制、确认网络传输的公开传播权属性等方面予以创新,并充分关注著作权国际保护的基本趋势,采取积极应对措施,以增强我国著作权保护制度在数字化时代的适应性。