Assessing the Validity and Reliability of the Perceptions of the Consent to Sex Scale

Although sexual assault prevention education tends to focus on consent promotion as a means to reduce rates of sexual assault, little is known about how college students consent to sexual activity. The current study aimed to better understand college students' consent via the systematic development of the Consent to Sex Scale (CSS), utilizing mixed methods via three phases and two waves of data collection. In Phase 1, qualitative data were collected from college students (n = 185) to provide a foundation for item writing. In Phase 2, closed-ended items were written for a quantitative instrument and reviewed by a team of experts. In Phase 3, a quantitative survey, including items written in Phase 2, was administered to college students (n = 685); the measure was assessed for its psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized, resulting in a five-factor solution. The CSS and corresponding factors demonstrated high internal consistency reliability and expected gender differences, supporting the construct validity of the measure. The CSS assesses college students' cues for indicating consent to sex, a construct not addressed by previous measures. The validated scale may be useful in future research to better understand how consent relates to other behaviors or constructs.     

网络女主播生存状态的理性透视

随着各类直播平台的增加,从业门槛的不断下降,网络女主播的数量急剧攀升。目前,网络女主播收入不稳定、竞争压力大、社会认可度低,其生存状态不容乐观。只有改变社会冷视,关爱女主播;改进平台建设,培养其责任感;优化网络内容制作,引领受众健康、稳定的需求;健全规范,形成"国家—行业—平台"三级规范体制;才能真正保障网络女主播的合法权益。     

Percentile Related Bounds and Estimator for the Mean of the Negative Binomial Distribution

Upper and lower bounds are obtained for the mean of the negative binomial distribution. These bounds are simple functions of a percentile determined by the shape parameter. The result is then used to obtain a robust estimate of the mean when the shape parameter is known.     

Period Parity Progression Ratios and Birth Intervals in England and Wales, 1941–1971: A Synthetic Life Table Analysis

A method is presented for analysing maternity history data to provide period estimates of parity progression ratios, birth intervals and related indices. This is applied to a sample of the marriage and maternity histories from the Census of England and Wales of 1971 and shows: (a) a general increase through the 1950s and into the 1960s in period estimates of marriage and parity progression ratios, especially in the progression from first to second birth; (b) a general acceleration of fertility with, again, the second birth interval becoming particularly short and compact; and (c) very steep declines in third and fourth birth progression ratios from the mid-1960s. Birth interval distributions altered during the period examined. Decomposition of a progression-based total fertility index shows change in the ratios for lower birth orders to have dominated the fertility upswing and declines in ratios for higher birth orders to have initiated the subsequent decline.     

欧洲债务危机的主要成因分析

肇始于希腊的欧洲债务危机到目前为止都没有停息的迹象,甚至还呈蔓延之势。欧洲债务危机爆发的直接原因是在金融危机的背景下,政府支出规模持续扩大,导致财政赤字居高不下,最终使得国债规模超过政府的偿还能力,出现明显的违约可能性。同时,国际竞争力不足,导致出口受阻,使得资金问题更加严重。从更深层次看,产业结构不合理,经济发展速度缓慢,过低的投资率和储蓄率及过高的储蓄投资转化率,都是导致欧债危机的重要原因。     

我国食品安全监管体制研究——兼评我国《食品安全法》

我国食品安全监管的主要问题表现为行政监管组织法体系不健全、监管主体过多、行政监管权分配不合理以及对监管主体缺乏有力的责任约束机制。2009年2月通过的《食品安全法》并没有改变分段监管的模式，食品安全委员会权限设置不明确，影响监管力度。结合我国国情，要完善安全监管行政组织法体系、推行渐进式统一模式，将各个环节的监管职权逐步整合于食品药品监督管理局，加大食品安全委员会的职权，增强其协调权威性，并不断加强监管机构的监管责任，建立权责一致的行政和司法责任追究制度：     

Sequential estimation problems for negative exponential populations

The literature on sequential estimation problems for negative exponential populations has been reviewed here, We attempt to bring in all the published and unpublished materials known to us in a fairly coherent fashion. Both the concepts and theoretical findings are discussed.     

道咸年间京师诗坛对山谷诗的接受

山谷诗在清道、咸年间的京师诗坛受到普遍推崇。师友间的辗转传授和相互影响推动了其广泛传播,而程恩泽和梅曾亮的作用尤为突出。诗人群体虽有宗宋与宗唐之分,但对山谷其人其诗均有赞誉。他们深契于黄庭坚挺立"不俗"的道德人格和潇洒物外的风神,并本于不同的诗学立场论列其诗作的艺术特征和渊源,进而肯定他在诗史中的地位,对山谷的诗学批评与创作也有引申和借鉴。这一现象既是乾嘉以来诗坛推举山谷之风气的延续,亦不乏现实针对性,即纠正性灵诗风;向后则开同光体之先声,成为诗学风气转变的重要表征。