软法视阈下的乡村社区治理研究——以厦门市院前社区为例

工业化和城镇化深入推进,市场经济因素被嵌入乡土社会,加剧了乡村传统社会的解构。乡村社会转型不断深化,乡村社区治理已成为重要的议题。软法能够整合传统因素并与现代因素对接从而消解社会巨变带来的“断裂”。通过对厦门市院前社区治理实践调研结果的分析,可以发现,院前社区所具有的独特的区位优势和深厚的文化积淀是其社区治理的重要资源。在软法视阈下,院前社区的治理机制主要包括参与机制、协商机制、激励机制与评估机制。在院前社区治理中,也存在着熟人社会与市场经济相抵牾、文化认同与利益分化相冲突、社区自治与政府管理不协调等困境。如何做好村规民约与政府法律的耦合、公共精神与主体意识的内洽、社区自治与政府管理的链接,是使社区治理达致善治的关键。     

Health Services Utilization Among Graduate Students: Patterns of Use,Access, and Satisfaction

Abstract

Utilization of health services by graduate students has been a neglected area of college health research. This paper describes the access problems and utilization patterns of a systematic random sample of the graduate student population at the University of Mississippi.

Survey methodology was used to assess sociodemographic, health status, and attitudinal characteristics of the study sample. In addition to type and number of visits for various health services, other utilization-related items included access to and satisfaction with care, and information received about these health services.

The results indicated that graduate students and their dependents were reliant to a large degree on local health care. Inadequacy of information was viewed as a major problem relating to access. Satisfaction with care appeared to be a function of the quality of care received.     

从社会回应模式看青少年离家出走现象

青少年离家出走问题已经成为全球性的社会现象,以西方研究社会问题的社会历史视角为基础提出的两个核心观点为"社会现象成为社会问题经历了发展的过程"和"社会各种人群或组织在社会问题的发展过程中给与了回应",从中可提炼出新的社会问题的研究模式,即社会回应模式。并通过应用中国"青少年离家出走"现象的发展过程来探讨这一社会回应模式在中国的适用性十分必要。研究发现,20世纪80年代至21世纪初期间(1980-2003年),青少年离家出走这一社会现象在中国经历了六大阶段的发展过程,并且在整个过程中,社会各人群对这一社会现象都有回应,但相应的社会回应和社会回应的研究仍存在不足。因此,对理论的进一步验证需要填充更多实证的数据,未来研究要进一步关注社会现象新一轮的发展历程和社会回应。     

基于ANSYS/LS DYNA的移动式压力容器动态碰撞仿真分析

运用有限元和瞬态动力学的有关理论和方法对移动式压力容器受碰撞后的安全性进行了研究。首先采用三维建模软件建立了移动式压力容器运输车的实体模型,然后分别利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和瞬态动力学仿真软件LS DYNA对模型进行前处理分析和求解计算,分别得到车速为60 km/h车尾受到碰撞时车架、压力容器罐体、组合支座及相关辅件的动态碰撞应力响应情况。计算结果表明：车架及连接螺栓失效,但有效降低了对压力容器罐体的冲击,基本保证了其安全性,并为今后的优化设计提供了理论支撑。     

唐诗《清明》三个英译本的语篇功能分析

作者从语篇功能角度,对唐代著名诗人杜牧的代表作《清明》英译本的主位结构、信息和衔接进行了分析,旨在通过语篇的比较和分析来评鉴古诗歌英译本的质量。     

毛泽东法律思想体系述略

毛泽东在领导中国革命的历史进程中,形成了系统的法律思想体系.这个思想体系包括法的价值、原则和法的具体主张,它构成了毛泽东系统的法律思想,对我国社会主义法制建设有着基础性和指导性的作用.     

王符的社会批判性治国思想

本文对东汉王符的社会政治经济思想进行探索,从其"以民为本"的思想以及"以学为基"的教化思想中,探寻其社会统治思想主张,以期对当前构建和谐社会提供历史借鉴.     

A probabilistic transmission and population dynamic model to assess tuberculosis infection risk

The purpose of this study was to examine tuberculosis (TB) population dynamics and to assess potential infection risk in Taiwan. A well‐established mathematical model of TB transmission built on previous models was adopted to study the potential impact of TB transmission. A probabilistic risk model was also developed to estimate site‐specific risks of developing disease soon after recent primary infection, exogenous reinfection, or through endogenous reactivation (latently infected TB) among Taiwan regions. Here, we showed that the proportion of endogenous reactivation (53–67%) was larger than that of exogenous reinfection (32–47%). Our simulations showed that as epidemic reaches a steady state, age distribution of cases would finally shift toward older age groups dominated by latently infected TB cases as a result of endogenous reactivation. A comparison of age‐weighted TB incidence data with our model simulation output with 95% credible intervals revealed that the predictions were in an apparent agreement with observed data. The median value of overall basic reproduction number (R₀) in eastern Taiwan ranged from 1.65 to 1.72, whereas northern Taiwan had the lowest R₀ estimate of 1.50. We found that total TB incidences in eastern Taiwan had 25–27% probabilities of total proportion of infected population exceeding 90%, whereas there were 36–66% probabilities having exceeded 20% of total proportion of infected population attributed to latently infected TB. We suggested that our Taiwan‐based analysis can be extended to the context of developing countries, where TB remains a substantial cause of elderly morbidity and mortality.     

不确定性规避、工作负担与领导授权行为:控制愿望与管理层级的调节作用

本研究通过问卷调查的方法,探讨了不确定性规避价值观及工作负担对领导授权行为的影响.在此基础上,本研究还进一步探讨了控制愿望与管理层级的调节作用.统计分析的结果表明:(1)不确定性规避与领导授权行为显著负相关,工作负担与领导授权行为显著正相关.(2)控制愿望显著调节不确定性规避对领导授权行为的影响.(3)职位层级分别调节不确定性规避、工作负担与领导授权行为的关系.