关于城镇职工养老金制度改革现实取向的若干思考

由于人口老龄化和较高的工资替代率 ,城镇职工养老总额与职工工资总额的比例逐渐上升 ,因此 ,必须对我国的养老制度进行重构 :提高职工本人缴费数额 ,从现有的国有资产存量中“割一块”注入已退休职工和跨体制职工的养老金个人帐户。而改制成功必须具备三个条件 ,一是大力发展非银行金融机构确保养老金基金保值增值 ;二是发展补充养老保险与个人储蓄养老保险 ;三是要加强法制建设 ,确保养老金制度的有法可依     

Does a More Diversified Revenue Structure Lead to Greater Financial Capacity and Less Vulnerability in Nonprofit Organizations? A Bibliometric and Meta-Analysis

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This article explores how and to what extent revenue diversification and concentration strategies affect financial...     

Robust inference for estimating equations with nonignorably missing data based on SIR algorithm

Nonresponse is a very common phenomenon in survey sampling. Nonignorable nonresponse – that is, a response mechanism that depends on the values of the variable having nonresponse – is the most difficult type of nonresponse to handle. This article develops a robust estimation approach to estimating equations (EEs) by incorporating the modelling of nonignorably missing data, the generalized method of moments (GMM) method and the imputation of EEs via the observed data rather than the imputed missing values when some responses are subject to nonignorably missingness. Based on a particular semiparametric logistic model for nonignorable missing response, this paper proposes the modified EEs to calculate the conditional expectation under nonignorably missing data. We can apply the GMM to infer the parameters. The advantage of our method is that it replaces the non-parametric kernel-smoothing with a parametric sampling importance resampling (SIR) procedure to avoid nonparametric kernel-smoothing problems with high dimensional covariates. The proposed method is shown to be more robust than some current approaches by the simulations.     

A misspecification test for the higher order co-moments of the factor model

The traditional estimation of higher order co-moments of non-normal random variables by the sample analog of the expectation faces a curse of dimensionality, as the number of parameters increases steeply when the dimension increases. Imposing a factor structure on the process solves this problem; however, it leads to the challenging task of selecting an appropriate factor model. This paper contributes by proposing a test that exploits the following feature: when the factor model is correctly specified, the higher order co-moments of the unexplained return variation are sparse. It recommends a general to specific approach for selecting the factor model by choosing the most parsimonious specification for which the sparsity assumption is satisfied. This approach uses a Wald or Gumbel test statistic for testing the joint statistical significance of the co-moments that are zero when the factor model is correctly specified. The asymptotic distribution of the test is derived. An extensive simulation study confirms the good finite sample properties of the approach. This paper illustrates the practical usefulness of factor selection on daily returns of random subsets of S&P 100 constituents.     

Lighting Effects on Older Adults’ Visual and Nonvisual Performance: A Systematic Review

Lighting plays an important role in daily life: It helps people perform daily activities independently and safely, and also benefits their health. This study assesses the research evidence of lighting’s impacts on older adults in four domains: (a) performance of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; (b) circadian rhythm; (c) fall prevention and postural stability; and (d) sleep quality. A comprehensive review of lighting studies on older adults’ visual and nonvisual performance was conducted using a modified PRISMA systematic review process. For the first domain, some older adults had difficulty in using the toilet, preparing meals, and doing laundry under lower illuminance. For the second domain, brighter and bluish lighting improved older adults’ circadian rhythm. For the third domain, low-intensity LED lighting affixed on door frames can help older adults maintain postural stability and prevent falling during nighttime movement. Finally, some studies concluded that receiving outdoor daylight during exercise was beneficial to older adults’ sleep quality. This study provides several methodological, theoretical, and collaborative suggestions for developing a more conclusive evidence base for lighting standards and strategies for older adults.     

The Effects of Neighborhood Variables on Needs of Social Care: A Hierarchical Multiple Regression of Senior Residents in China

Community-based elder care has become a dominant model in the world. However, the role of community-level factors in helping or hindering the individuals concerned in obtaining the needed care has not received much attention. This research aims to investigate how community-level factors, including neighborhood disadvantage, residential instability, and social service environment affect the need for instrumental, medical, and emotional services of Chinese senior residents. Employing the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the results show that instrumental activities of daily living impairment contributed significantly to the need for instrumental, medical and emotional services. Living alone was found to be associated with the need for medical and emotional services. Objective socioeconomic status was only significantly related to the need for medical care. The type of urban community was positively associated with the need for instrumental services and was negatively related to the need for medical care. Residential instability was positively associated with of the need for instrumental services and medical care. Social service environments had heterogeneous effects on the need for social services. However, neighborhood disadvantage had no significant impact on the need for social services. Implications for future research and policy reform were also discussed.     

Interwoven migration narratives: identity and social representations in the Lusophone world

This article provides an exploratory analysis of the life narratives of migrants in the Portuguese-speaking world. By interweaving the life experiences of eight participants in three thematic clusters – ‘shared past’, language and sense of community – we propose a critique of the deep-seated idea of the Lusophone space as a community constructed by the harmonious conviviality of different countries and people. Drawing on contributions from cultural studies, social psychology, anthropology and sociology, we first aim to give voice to the human subjects who embark on migrations and then to understand how the engendered process of identity construction is framed by their social world, simultaneously reframing it. Thus, we aim at shedding light on the ways in which aspects of the political discourses on Lusophony are used (and are instrumental) to the migrants’ identity narrative (re)construction.     

Portuguese Scientists’ Migration: a study on the 2008 crisis aftermath

In the economic and social aftermath of the 2008 crisis there has been an important and growing new wave of highly qualified Portuguese emigration comprising scientists. No or very few public policies have been designed to reverse this phenomenon, risking the consequences of brain drain. International literature argues that professional reasons are central to scientists’ decision to migrate, even after the 2008 crisis. Spending some time in a foreign country to study, research, or teach, is perceived as a common step in an individual academic trajectory and an advantage for a successful professional career in academia. It is also encouraged by European Union policies. Twelve individual portraits of Portuguese scientists living in central Europe reveal how important other factors are to the migration decision‐making process. These factors include the economic crisis, student mobility programmes, and the current Portuguese scientific system revision.     

Characteristics of atmospheric PM2.5 in stands and non-forest cover sites across urban-rural areas in Beijing,China

Urban Ecosystems - Monitoring air pollution at a city scale is essential for controlling urban air pollution in cities, especially megacities, in China. In this paper, data for 1 city center site...     

“BOT+TOD”轨道交通投融资模式初探——以佛山市地铁二号线为例

近年来,我国城市轨道交通进入快速发展阶段,城市轨道交通的快速发展需要巨大的资金支撑,传统城市轨道交通投融资方式已经难以为继。本文从城市轨道交通TOD发展模式出发,分析"BOT+TOD"投融资模式的特点及其总体方案,并且以佛山市地铁二号线为例,提出"BOT+TOD"的具体实施路径与操作方法,为市政公用基础设施投融资体制改革、创新轨道交通投融资模式、土地管理制度的改革提供借鉴。通过此创新投融资模式在我国城市轨道交通中的成功运用,改善融资困难局面,促进我国城市轨道交通持续快速发展。