吕振羽中国政治思想史研究轨迹探析

中国政治思想史研究贯穿吕振羽学术生涯始终。 2 0世纪二三十年代应时代之要求 ,运用唯物史观为指导思想开辟中国政治思想史研究新途径。四十年代为抗日救国加强民族优秀文化的宣传 ,修正前期相关认识。建国后进一步深化认识 ,从方法论、学风等方面对政治思想史研究进行总结 ,提出希望。其政治思想史研究过程是他不断接受时代挑战、回答社会现实问题的过程。     

The unexpected influence of physician attributes on clinical decisions: results of an experiment

This experiment was designed to determine: (1) whether patient attributes (specifically a patient's age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status) independently influence clinical decision-making; and (2) whether physician characteristics alone (such as their gender, age, race, and medical specialty), or in combination with patient attributes, influence medical decision-making. METHODS: An experiment was conducted in which 16 (= 2(4)) videotapes portraying patient-physician encounters for two medical conditions (polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and depression) were randomly assigned to physicians for viewing. Each video presented a combination of four patient attributes (65 years or 80 years of age; male or female; black or white; blue or white collar occupation). Steps were taken to enhance external validity. One hundred twenty-eight eligible physicians were sampled from the northeastern United States, with numbers balanced across 16 (= 2(4)) strata generated from the following characteristics (male or female; < 15 or > or = 15 years since graduation; black or white; internists or family practitioners). The outcomes studied were: 1) the most likely diagnosis; 2) level of certainty adhering to that diagnosis; and 3) the number of tests that would be ordered. RESULTS: Patient attributes (namely age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status) had no influence on the three outcomes studied (the most likely diagnosis, the level of certainty, and test ordering behavior). This was consistent across the two medical conditions portrayed (PMR and depression). In contrast, characteristics of physicians (namely their medical specialty, race, and age) interactively influenced medical decision-making. CONCLUSION: Epidemiologically important patient attributes (which Bayesian decision theorists hold should be influential) had no effect on medical decision-making for the two conditions, while clinically extraneous physician characteristics (which should not be influential) had a statistically significant effect. The validity of idealized theoretical approaches to medical decision making and the usefulness of further observational approaches are discussed.     

The Cultural Genogram: experiences from within a marriage and family therapy training program

The purpose of this article is to illustrate and demonstrate the use of the Cultural Genogram (CG) in a graduate-level course in gender and culture for family therapists-in-training at a large Midwestern university's accredited program in family therapy. Although the importance of the CG as a training tool is delineated by Hardy and Laszloffy, very little information exists about the actual implementation and usefulness of this tool within a training program for family therapists. In this article, we present a qualitative research study of the lived experiences of a class of women from diverse cultures as they constructed and presented their CGs. We discuss the basic curriculum and structure of the course in which the CG was used, the process the class members developed to create and present their CGs, the effects of presenting the CGs, and a set of recommendations and ideas for further exploration.     

How French managers deal with radical change

Top management are increasingly concerned with the flexibility of their companies and with the problem of implementing strategy. This article presents a model of strategic change derived from the managers' experience and perceptions in some companies which achieved radical transformation. Indepth studies were carried out in four diverse companies. The experience of top managers revealed that the management of strategic change required an integrated approach to six interrelated areas—formulating a strategic project, managing the development of resources and skills, negotiating with the environment increasing internal communication of strategy, dealing with power, influencing the norms of behaviour and developing a team of transformation-minded managers.     

Women as Workers and as Carers under Communism and After: The Case of Bulgaria

This paper reviews the work-family policy of Bulgaria before and after the transition. Before the transition the family policy was one of earner–carer where women were given support to combine work-force participation with childcare and men were at least encouraged to help with carework. After the transition women's access to help with carework became so limited that the family policy, by default, became one of dual earner, but with extremely high levels of unemployment. A survey of 349 women by the Varna Employment Office indicates how devastating the loss of employment was during the transition. Today policies that support family caregiving still exist on paper but are not enforced. This is due, in part, to the lack of organized broad-based women's groups. Such organizations would be necessary for women to effectively claim the rights and entitlements to caregiving support. But there is continuing pressure from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and others to eliminate any state support for caregiving.     

我国对外贸易反垄断豁免失当性分析及其完善

我国《反垄断法》第15条规定的对外贸易豁免包括进口豁免和出口豁免。进口卡特尔豁免的基础系竞争者保护优先于竞争保护,其不利于我国当前及未来进口产业的竞争力提高,并有可能违反WTO国民待遇原则,应予以禁止适用。我国出口的卡特尔豁免规定虽具一定合理性,但必须对其中的“正当利益”豁免要件进行限缩性解释,防止对此条款的滥用并引起不必要的损害。     

消费者对 CSA 的感知价值和行为意向关系研究

随着对食品安全的关注,一种新型的农业模式———社区支持农业(Community Supported Agricul-ture,简称 CSA)应运而生。我国 CSA 起步较晚,但发展很快。在 CSA 农场快速增长的同时,由于经营管理不善,消费者流失率急剧上升。消费者价值被视为导致消费者满意与忠诚的驱动力。以消费者感知价值作为前因,探究 CSA 农场消费者感知价值维度对消费者满意度和行为意向的关系,可为 CSA 农场实施基于消费者价值创造的营销计划指明努力的方向。     

孤独症儿童自我意识干预及其心理理论能力的发展

心理理论能力是指认识自己和他人的心理并根据心理推测行为的能力。心理理论能力的缺失是产生孤独症患者社会交往障碍的重要心理学机制。自我意识是儿童社会化的重要组成部分。通过采用动画辅助的认知行为干预疗法对15名孤独症儿童(男13名,女2名,平均月龄为60.87个月)的自我意识进行3个多月的干预,结果发现:该组儿童在心理理论任务通过率(t=8.41,p<0.001)、日常心理理论技能(t=5.14,p<0.05)及积极社会交往能力(t=11.18,p<0.05)等方面都有显著的提升。这说明认知行为干预疗法能有效提高孤独症儿童的心理理论能力,促进其社会交往能力的发展。     

基于大学生就业通用胜任力的团队素质拓展训练实践研究

通过介绍国内外学者关于就业通用胜任力的概念和模型、素质拓展训练(简称“素拓训练”)及其在中国高校的运用和发展情况,探讨团队素拓训练与大学生通用胜任力培养之间的契合点,总结西南大学文化与社会发展学院在素拓训练方面的探索经验,并提出未来可以综合借鉴国内外的有关研究成果和经验,实现素拓训练与大学生就业通用胜任力的更好契合,开发出更为完善、科学的素拓训练体系。     

《世说新语》中体现的远离政治“轻乎人事”的士风及其原因

刘宋刘义庆《世说新语》多记录魏晋时期士大夫之生活、言行及思想精神。而此时正可视为士人风气转变之一大关节,其中很突出的一点为不同于此前士人以天下为己任的使命感和责任感,《世说》中随处可见的是士人们对现实政治的避忌,不问世事,游山玩水,谈玄说理,轻乎人事,造成这种变化的原因在于现实政治之残酷、士族地位的独立与强大以及玄风的盛行。另外,这也是临川有意选择的结果。