达斡尔族传统民居初探

本文简要介绍了达斡尔族的基本概况,阐释了达斡尔族传统民居的落位选址、建筑布局、建筑特色及成因,探究了达斡尔族传统民居鲜明的民族特色及其浓郁的地方风格。     

情趣的享乐:西方颓废思潮在“五四”的一面投影

五四文人的颓废书写具有多种特点,其中包括以表现情趣的享乐来消解内心的空虚与绝望。这种看似消极的反应,其实不失为对待个体生命的务实态度,因为其前提是对情趣享乐效用的清醒认知。这些文人的艺术抉择多少受到西方颓废唯美观念的影响,但他们的精神和艺术行为最终仍受制于中国的现实原则。     

英汉感知虚构运动事件的路径语义对比分析——基于小型自建语料库

基于Talmy的运动事件理论框架,以“V across”结构为例分别自建英汉语料库来分析英汉语在路径表达上的差异,解读感知路径背后的认知机制。结果发现：第一,英汉语感知运动主要以视觉运动为主,听觉运动居于次位,其他感官的运动较少,且听觉运动与视觉运动相融合,形成通感隐喻;第二,英语视觉与听觉感知运动路径的编码均以矢量义为主,而汉语在编码视觉运动路径时主要以构形义为主,但汉语在编码听觉运动时,其矢量义使用比例则高于构形义。因此汉语在表征视觉路径时更凸显焦点与背景的相对位置;第三,感知虚构运动是由于体验者发挥主观想象力进行动态模拟和识解的结果。     

Applications of Bayesian statistical methodology to clinical trial design: A case study of a phase 2 trial with an interim futility assessment in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Development of new pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis that address unmet medical needs in a competitive market place is challenging. Bayesian approaches to trial design offer advantages in defining treatment benefits by addressing clinically relevant magnitude of effects relative to comparators and in optimizing efficiency in analysis. Such advantages are illustrated by a motivating case study, a proof of concept, and dose finding study in patients with osteoarthritis. Patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to receive placebo, celecoxib, or 1 of 4 doses of galcanezumab. Primary outcome measure was change from baseline WOMAC pain after 8 weeks of treatment. Literature review of clinical trials with targeted comparator therapies quantified treatment effects versus placebo. Two success criteria were defined: one to address superiority to placebo with adequate precision and another to ensure a clinically relevant treatment effect. Trial simulations used a Bayesian dose response and longitudinal model. An interim analysis for futility was incorporated. Simulations indicated the study had ≥85% power to detect a 14‐mm improvement and ≤1% risk for a placebo‐like drug to pass. The addition of the second success criterion substantially reduced the risk of an inadequate, weakly efficacious drug proceeding to future development. The study was terminated at the interim analysis due to inadequate analgesic efficacy. A Bayesian approach using probabilistic statements enables clear understanding of success criteria, leading to informed decisions for study conduct. Incorporating an interim analysis can effectively reduce sample size, save resources, and minimize exposure of patients to an inadequate treatment.     

《论语》辜译本的副文本研究

正文本和副文本共同建构译本的意义内涵。在翻译研究中,译本副文本是呈现译本、译者和当时社会语境的重要载体。《论语》英译本的副文本信息尚未得到充分而有效地利用,即使涉及译者评论、序言等,也没有明确提及副文本概念。挖掘《论语》英译本副文本的历史价值、文本价值和史料学价值,形成系统的副文本理论,有助于《论语》英译研究的深化。辜鸿铭《论语》译本的副文本既能完成对读者的作品导读,又能折射当时历史语境下翻译目的功利性、翻译规范、以及译者的翻译方法、翻译心路历程等。因此,考察副文本可使副文本与译本、译者、文化语境、翻译规范等之间的张力得以显现。这种张力有助于获知译本生成的历史细节与译本接受的传播语境,也是论述译本的元话语的方法论,为深化译者、译本研究带来契机。     

社区自治:从放权到增能——基于深圳市的制度实践研究

在社区自治理论探讨中,一直存在对"国家"与"社会"、行政化与自治化、管理与治理、权力本位和权利本位等概念的争论。然而,在地方政府的操作过程中,无论是对社区放权还是让利,都在政府主导下开展,这造成两种截然不同的问题——行政化困境和边缘化困境。在行政主导型社会仍会较长时间存在的背景下,"放权—增能—再放权"是社区自治得以顺利实现的较好途径。     

Entropy-based model-free feature screening for ultrahigh-dimensional multiclass classification

Most feature screening methods for ultrahigh-dimensional classification explicitly or implicitly assume the covariates are continuous. However, in the practice, it is quite common that both categorical and continuous covariates appear in the data, and applicable feature screening method is very limited. To handle this non-trivial situation, we propose an entropy-based feature screening method, which is model free and provides a unified screening procedure for both categorical and continuous covariates. We establish the sure screening and ranking consistency properties of the proposed procedure. We investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure by simulation studies and illustrate the method by a real data analysis.     

Female Excluded more than Male: Do Community Characteristics Matter?

Social Indicators Research - Despite numerous studies on social exclusion which acknowledge gender disparity within the issue, very few are focused on widening the analysis into community-level...     

《爱的地图》中的民族发展与文化融合

《爱的地图》是埃及裔移民女作家艾赫达夫·苏维夫关于民族历史书写的杰出创作.小说不仅展现了苏维夫对本民族历史的探索,还表达了对东西方文化融合的看法.阿拉伯穆斯林女性身份问题是小说的重要主题之一.从后殖民批评视角出发,通过对《爱的地图》中的帝国历史反书写以及穆斯林女性形象的分析,深入解读苏维夫关于民族文化和穆斯林女性身份的思考,深刻地表达了作者的文化融合意识.     

从《论语》看孔子的“乐” 与“哀”

维特根斯坦曾以“哀”与“乐”概括生命的本质,在他看来, “喜乐”的情感显露生命当有的样式, “悲哀”的情感则昭示生命需要转化的本质。据笔者考察,在《论语》中,孔子是通过“乐”与“哀”这两种情感理解和经验生命的本质。当代新儒家的代表人物牟宗三提出,中国哲学是生命的学问。既然中国哲学重生命,读者自然会追问其所关注的“生命”当如何理解。本文将通过追本溯源的方式,考察《论语》中孔子如何论及“哀”与“乐”,在文本分析的基础上,回应以孔子为代表的先秦儒家如何理解“生命”。最后,以孔子可能有的立场考察维特根斯坦对“生命”本质的理解。