老舍作品中的性状类北京方言词语

以250万字的老舍中文小说语言语料库为依据,对老舍中文小说中收录的性状类北京方言词语进行研究。通过严格筛选,共收集到313个性状类北京方言词语;其中表性质者79个,表状态者151个,表情状者61个,表数量者17个,表感叹者5个。又将这五大类性状类词语细分为14小类,并进行细致描写。     

Should responder analyses be conducted on continuous outcomes?

Continuous outcomes are often dichotomized to classify trial subjects as responders or nonresponders, with the difference in rates of response between treatment and control defined as the “responder effect.” In this article, we caution that dichotomization of continuous interval outcomes may not be best practice. Defining clinical benefit or harm for continuous interval outcomes as the difference between the means of treatment and control, that is, the “continuous treatment effect,” we examine the case where treatment and control outcomes are normally distributed and differ only in location. For this case, continuous treatment effects may be considered clinically relevant if they exceed a prespecified minimum clinically important difference. In contrast, using minimum clinically important differences as dichotomization thresholds will not ensure clinically relevant responder effects. For example, in some situations, increasing the threshold may actually relax the criterion for effectiveness by increasing the calculated responder effect. Using responder effects to quantitatively assess benefit or risk of investigational drugs for continuous interval outcomes presents interpretational challenges. In particular, when the dichotomization threshold is halfway between the treatment and control outcome means, the responder effect is at a maximum with a magnitude monotonically related to the number of standard deviations between the mean outcomes of treatment and control. Large responder effect benefits may therefore reflect clinically unimportant continuous treatment effects amplified by small standard deviations, and small responder effect risks may reflect either clinically important continuous treatment effects minimized by large standard deviations, or selection of a dichotomization threshold not providing maximum responder effect.     

猪场新生仔猪黄痢的病原分离及药敏试验

从重庆市几个规模化猪场的发病仔猪中采集病料,分离培养的病原菌,在麦康凯培养基上菌落呈红色,革兰氏染色为G-菌,生化试验结果显示对葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽糖产酸产气,不分解尿素,不产生硫化氢,表明所分离菌为大肠杆菌。用分离菌对头孢唑啉等29种药物进行药敏试验,所分离的大肠杆菌对头孢类药物、氧氟沙星、氨苄西啉等药物高度敏感,而对链霉素、替硝唑产生耐药性。但从不同场分离到的菌株对药物的敏感性不一致。