Horwitz's rule, transforming both sides and the design of experiments for mechanistic models

Summary. The paper develops methods for the design of experiments for mechanistic models when the response must be transformed to achieve symmetry and constant variance. The power transformation that is used is partially justified by a rule in analytical chemistry. Because of the nature of the relationship between the response and the mechanistic model, it is necessary to transform both sides of the model. Expressions are given for the parameter sensitivities in the transformed model and examples are given of optimum designs, not only for single-response models, but also for experiments in which multivariate responses are measured and for experiments in which the model is defined by a set of differential equations which cannot be solved analytically. The extension to designs for checking models is discussed.     

论公司价值的创造

公司价值最大化已经成为公司管理的终极目标,如何实现价值创造便成为公司管理的现实目标。公司战略、公司治理和公司理财对公司价值的三个价值推动要素都有很大的影响,因此,需要融合公司战略、公司治理和公司理财来实现价值创造。     

加入WTO后学校德育工作的若干思考

中国加入世界贸易组织,对国内教育提出新的挑战,特别是学校的德育工作面临新形势、新挑战。因此,与时俱进地加强和改进学校德育工作势在必行。本文就此从德育的内容、教学方式及德育的评价方法等几方面提出作者的建议。     

国有企业人力资源管理的改革策略

进入知识经济时代，人力资源成为企业的第一竞争要素。国有企业应该通过建立现代企业制度、科学客观的考核评价机制和有效的组合激励机制，制定和推进职业生涯计划、科学的选人用人制度，塑造良好的企业文化氛围等六个方面改革现有的人力资源管理模式。     

Estimation of Metabolic Rate Constants in PBPK‐Models from Liver Slice Experiments: What Are the Experimental Needs?

A mechanistic model is presented describing the clearance of a compound in a precision-cut liver slice that is incubated in a culture medium. The problem of estimating metabolic rate constants in PBPK models from liver slice experiments is discussed using identifiability analysis. From the identifiability problem analysis, it appears that in addition to the clearance, the compound's free fraction in the slice and the diffusion rate of the exchange of the compound between culture medium and liver slice should be identified. In addition, knowledge of the culture medium volume, the slice volume, the compound's free fraction, and octanol-water-based partition between medium and slice is presupposed. The formal solution for identification is discussed from the perspective of experimental practice. A formally necessary condition for identification is the sampling of parent compound in liver slice or culture medium. However, due to experimental limitations and errors, sampling the parent compound in the slice together with additional sampling of metabolite pooled from the medium and the slice is required for identification in practice. Moreover, it appears that identification results are unreliable when the value of the intrinsic clearance exceeds the value of the diffusion coefficient, a condition to be verified a posteriori.     

影响两系籼粳杂交水稻籽粒增重的因素分析

以19个两系籼梗杂交水稻组合为试验材料,应用通径分析法从形态学和生理学的角度分析了影响籼梗杂交水稻籽粒增重的因素。结果表明稻穗上、中、下部籽粒表现强、中、弱势粒灌浆生长特点。单株颖花数目与总干物重的相对比例、收获指数对稻穗不同粒位的籽粒增重产生较大的直接效应。单株总干物重对不同粒位千粒重的影响产生较大的间接效应。单株枝梗总干重对中、上部籽粒增重产生较大的直接效应,但对下部籽粒增重产生较大的直接负效应。此外,中、上部一次枝梗干重与其着生的颖花数目的相对比例,下部一次枝梗干重相应对其籽粒增重产生较大的直接效应。对提高两系籼梗杂交水稻籽粒增重进行了讨论。     

Gender-specific changes in students' sexual behaviors and attitudes at a southeastern university between 1973 and 1988.

This study investigated the gender-specific, self-reported sexual behaviors and attitudes of never-married college students attending a southeastern university in 1973 and 1988. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire that remained essentially unchanged for both years. The authors found that both men and women reported an increase in heterosexual relationships that included sexual intercourse and a decrease in nonsexual relationships with the other gender. The majority of the students perceived themselves as adequately informed about sexuality and satisfied with their relationships, although the proportion of men who reported being satisfied with their relationships declined over the 15 years. The students indicated that sexuality education should focus primarily on information about AIDS and on preparation for marriage.     

Procedures and tables for the construction and selection of chain sampling plans ChSP-4A(c1, c2,)r-Part 4

In this part of the series, the notion of average total inspection (ATI) is introduced to ChSP-4A(c1, c2)r plans, minimizing ATI at a given process average, while protection to the consumer is given in terms of average outgoing quality limit and limiting quality level. The procedure is similar to that of Dodge and Roming.     

Determinants of housing quality: A comparison of white,African-American,and Hispanic single-parent women

This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts. Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups. African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction with their housing. Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.”