近代天津城市文化中的租界元素研究

地处中国城市中的外国租界地,因其特殊的人文地理特点,无可避免地成为了中西方异质文化的交汇地.本文以天津为例,详细论述了租界对近代天津住、食、玩三方面的深刻影响,指出近代天津城市文化的变迁既不表现为传统因素的顽固保守,也不表现为“全盘西化”,而表现出中西杂糅、新旧并陈的过渡性特征.而天津正是在中西之间,传统与现代之间形成了独具特色的城市多元文化.     

当前发展我国碳金融的问题和建议

全球碳金融发展受宏观经济形势影响近年来持续波动,但共识的形成和法律等社会基础设施的颁布表明各国并未改变对其中长期前景看好的看法。应对这一背景,我国发展碳金融虽然很迅速,但存在商业金融机构参与力度弱、参与层次不高、没有定价权等核心问题,对此应积极采取措施,在全国范围内构建统一的交易市场体系,逐步推动标准化碳合约交易,推动人民币结算和金融产品创新等。     

医学生自主学习能力培养的重要意义

自主学习是一种能动的学习。医学生自主学习能力的培养,可以显著提高学习效率,培养医学生主动学习的能力;有利于真正发挥学习潜能,培育医学生优良的学习品质;能够有效增强学习信心,促进医学生整体发展和提高;便于充分激发求知欲望,提升医学生主动创造的能力。     

The Johnson System of Frequency Curves—Historical,Graphical, and Limiting Perspectives

Abstract

The idea of transforming one random variate to another with a more convenient density has been developed in the first half of the 20th century. In his thesis, Norman L. Johnson (1917–2004) developed a pioneering system of transformations of the standard normal distribution which gained substantial popularity in the second half of the 20th century and beyond. In Johnson’s 1949 Johnson, N. L. (1949), “Systems of Frequency Curves Generated by Methods of Translation,” Biometrika, 36, 149–176.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] Biometrika paper entitled Systems of frequency curves generated by methods of translation, summarizing that thesis, one of his primary interests was the behavior of the shape of the probability density functions as their parameter values change. Herein, we attempt to further elucidate this behavior through a series of geometric expositions of that transformation process. In these expositions insight is obtained into the behavior of Johnson’s density functions, and their skewness and kurtosis, as they converge to their limiting distributions, a topic which received little attention.     

The particle filter based on random number searching algorithm for parameter estimation

This article addresses the issue of parameter estimation in linear system in the presence of Gaussian noises, under which the random number searching algorithm (LJ (Luus and Jaakola) algorithm) is combined with the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) algorithm. This yields the so-called RBPF algorithm based on LJ (RBPF-LJ). Unlike the mature alternatives of generic particle filter, the parameter particles of RBPF-LJ are set as random numbers that search in the parameter value scope, which is regulated based on the estimation result to track the changes of the unknown parameter. The contrasting simulations show that the proposed RBPF-LJ outperform the RBPF as well as the particle filter based on kernel smoothing contraction algorithm on the estimation of the dynamically linear or nonlinear parameter and it can obtain the similar estimation results on the static parameter if some coefficients are regulated.     

The Stability and Change of Value Structure and Priorities in Childhood: A Longitudinal Study

This longitudinal study explores the stability and change of values in childhood. Children's values were measured in Poland three times (with one‐year intervals) using the Picture Based Values Survey (PBVS‐C; Döring, Blauensteiner, Aryus, Drögekamp, & Bilsky, 2010), developed to measure values differentiated according to the circular model of Schwartz (1992). 801 children (divided into 5 cohorts aged 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 years at the first measurement occasion) completed the PBVS‐C three times on a yearly basis. Separate analyses were performed for each cohort using the data of the three measurement occasions. Multidimensional scaling revealed that, in children, Schwartz's (1992) circular structure of values is stable and does not change over time. Although priorities of values displayed moderate stability over time, the means changed between the ages of 7 and 11 years. Specifically, latent growth curve modeling revealed changes in children's values hierarchy as indicated by the decrease in the mean level of conservation values and the increase in the mean level of openness to change values. Self‐transcendence and self‐enhancement also changed in different directions. As indicated by mean levels over time, self‐transcendence first increased in importance, slightly decreased, and finally increased again. In contrast, self‐enhancement first decreased in importance, then increased, and finally began to decrease again.     

Social Inclusion and Health Conditions Among Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom: An Exploratory Study

Whether and how immigrants are included in the host society has become a hot topic in the context of globalization. How inclusive a society is for immigrants can be answered by comparing the inclusion of immigrants to near-culture host society and those to a different-culture society. This paper reports the social inclusion and their correlation with health conditions among Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Two non-probability sample surveys were conducted using the Social and Communities Opportunities Profile and its Chinese version as survey instruments. Altogether 56 new arrivals in Hong Kong and 51 immigrants in UK were recruited through NGOs to participate in face-to-face individual interviews. Both Hong Kong and UK participants reported high overall social inclusion. The two sub-samples shared many similarities in the perceived opportunities and satisfaction of opportunities in various social domains. There was evidence that immigrants in a host society with similar language demonstrated higher perceived satisfaction with opportunities in contact with friends and family, as well as higher perceived opportunities for community involvement than immigrants in a society with a different language. However, overall social inclusion appeared to be independent of one’s health conditions.     

智能钻杆导电环结构有限元分析

导电环是智能钻杆导电性能及可靠性的关键。介绍了加工的智能钻杆导电环结构，结构中的内导电环和外导电环分别位于钻杆母接头和公接头的螺纹内径端部，它们之间的柱面接触实现了钻杆接头处的电力及信号导通。对室内钻杆上卸扣试验中导电环的变形过程进行了受力分析，得出轴向力F 是导致导电环变形的主要原因。采用有限元分析方法分别对内外导电环的接触过程和单个导电环受轴向力F 时的变形状态进行了数值模拟。模拟结果分析表明，将内外导电环过盈配合时的过盈量控制在0.024 mm 以下，结合面锥度控制在1：5 以上时，导电环在钻杆上卸扣过程中不会产生塑性变形，具有较高的可靠性。     

More Declassified Evidence Implicates CIA Physicians in Unethical Research

In 2010, in an article in this journal, I argued that declassified documents implicated Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) physicians in the conduct of unethical research on enhanced interrogation using detainee subjects. The focus, then as now, is upon physicians at the Office of Medical Services (OMS). The 2010 article highlighted the heavily redacted “Draft OMS Guidelines on Medical and Psychological Support to Detainee Interrogations” (the Draft). This commentary focuses upon the recently declassified final version of that document revealing further culpable evidence of unethical human subject research. The commentary locates that unethical research in historical context and the development of the Nuremberg Code. The commentary also locates enhanced interrogation in contemporary political context and considers how to hold OMS physicians accountable for the conduct of unethical human research using detainee subjects.