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291.
Charles S. Bullock Donna R. Hoffman Ronald Keith Gaddie 《Social science quarterly》2006,87(3):494-518
Objective. Perennial questions in electoral studies are what constitutes realignment, and when and where do realignments occur? Using the concepts of critical and secular realignments as a framework, we model change in the end product of realignment, election outcomes. We test for secular and critical changes in partisan strength across six geographic regions of the United States, focusing on office‐holding data at both the federal and state legislative level. Methods. Using an interrupted time‐series model, we examine evidence for secular realignment and posit five critical interventions that have affected American politics since World War II. Results. Our findings suggest that there are elements of both critical and secular realignments at work with different patterns in each region, and that different regions have been affected by a variety of elections associated with critical events since 1944. Conclusions. The collapse of Republican hegemony in the Northeast and Pacific West has gone largely unnoticed, buried in the intense examination of the growth of the Republican Party in the American South. The 1994 election is the most prominent in terms of its impact on seat holding by the parties at both the state and national level, and constitutes a realigning election. 相似文献
292.
293.
The lottery payoff procedure does not successfully induce risk-neutral bidding behavior in first-price, sealedbid auctions. This conclusion follows from both ordinary-least-squares estimation with natural data and leastabsolute-deviation estimation with transformed data from numerous experimental designs. Lottery payoffs do not succeed in inducing behavior predicted from standard expected utility theory assumptions or from assumed utility from winning and/or income thresholds. In contrast, first-price auction experiments with monetary payoffs yield results that are consistent with general models of bidding in the independent private values information environment. 相似文献
294.
295.
Results from a community survey in a sample of high-unemployment census tracts in southeastern Michigan showed significant elevations of depression, anxiety, somatization, and self-reported physical illness among the currently unemployed. These adverse effects were largely reversed by reemployment. Subsequent analyses documented modifying effects of social support, self-concept, and coping. We also found two mediating processes that account for the overall effects of current unemployment: (a) the intervening effects of financial strain, and (b) an influence of unemployment in creating heightened vulnerability to other stressful life events. The implications of these results for the design and implementation of preventive interventions are briefly discussed. 相似文献
296.
PROSTITUTES' RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES: 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ronald Weitzer 《The Sociological quarterly》1991,32(1):23-41
The prostitutes' rights campaign emerged in the early 1970s with the formation of COYOTE in San Francisco and affiliated movement organizations. This study examines the movement's major claims and goals, resource problems, and impact on public opinion, legislation, and law enforcement. The failure to attain key movement goals is explained in terms of chronic deficiencies of material and human resources that might compensate for the campaign's lack of moral capital and enhance its prospects for success. 相似文献
297.
298.
Ronald J. Lechnyr 《Clinical Social Work Journal》1984,12(1):69-77
Clinical social workers are being increasingly recognized as qualified providers entitled to reimbursement under health insurance plans. This requires that the professional become acquainted with the practical aspects of health insurance coverage, billing procedural codes diagnostic codings, and other, aspects entailed in obtaining third-party health insurance reimbursement. 相似文献
299.
Wage Decompositions with Selectivity-Corrected Wage Equations: A Methodological Note 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper examines the implications of the standard Heckman (Heckit) correction for selectivity bias in wage and earnings functions that are subsequently used in wage decompositions. Even when justified, Heckit selectivity correction introduces some fundamental ambiguities in the context of wage decompositions. The ambiguities arise from group differences in the selection term which consists of a parameter multiplied by the Inverse Mills Ratio (IMR). The parameter is identified as the product of the standard deviation of the errors in the wage equation and the correlation between the wage equation error and the selection equation error. How should group differences in these parameters be interpreted in terms of structural differences and endowment effects? The same issue arises with respect to group differences in the IMR which reflect nonlinear group differences in the determinants of selection and in the probit coefficients. 相似文献
300.
Numerical approximations are often used to implement the Bayesian paradigm in analytically intractable parametric models. We focus on embedded integration rules which are an attractive numerical integration tool and present theoretical results which justify their use in a Bayesian integration strategy. 相似文献