关于我国民航法无限额赔偿制度的思考

我国民航法第132条规定的无限额赔偿制度存在不合理之处。该规定将证明承运人主观过错的举证责任交由不具备举证能力的旅客承担,违背了民事诉讼法上举证责任分配的公平原则;在我国部门化立法模式下由民航总局起草的民航法,过于偏重保护承运人利益,与当今国际社会保护消费者利益的立法趋势不符。建议修改民航法,在无限额赔偿制度中实行举证责任倒置,由承运人对其不存在民航法规定的过错承担举证责任。     

Bridging the Gap between Planned and Market Economies: employment policies for people with disabilities in two Chinese cities

From 1978 on wards, China has experienced a radical transition from a centrally-controlled planned economy to a market economy. At the same time, the Chinese economy is developing at high speed. This dynamic situation poses numerous opportunities and challenges to people with disabilities in China. The research finds that, with the help of government's employment policies, disabled people in two Chinese cities have benefited from both the market reforms and high speed economic growth. The Chinese government did not simply throw away the previous institutional arrangements and withdraw from its responsibility for supporting people with disabilities. In contrast, it adjusted the previous policies in order to mobilise resources from the newly-developing market economy. However, the policies have their limitations. They are temporary in nature and suitable for the transitional period only. There are potential problems and challenges ahead for disabled people in a fully fledged market economy in China.     

人力资本投资与回报机制探索

人力资本是知识经济时代最为主动、关键的竞争要素 ,人力资本投资与回报机制是健全市场经济体系的根本要求。目前 ,我国在人力资本投资与回报机制的构建上尚存在诸多不足与缺憾。改善现状的根本途径就是结合国内外的成功经验并借鉴相关的理论建议 ,通过微观领域内薪酬制度的完备 ,配合宏观领域内相应政策措施的实施 ,构建科学的人力资本投资与回报机制。     

Social Security Reform in China's Transition to a Market Economy

This paper begins by describing the origins of a social security system that was based on a series of institutional splits that resulted in the development of a fragmented system characterized by inequity and incomplete coverage. The entitlements embedded in this system have proved difficult to revise in the light of changing circumstances and the pressures associated with economic transition, demographic change and the newly emerging problems of open unemployment and urban poverty. These developments, particularly the latter, are creating new demands on a system already struggling to adjust to structural problems of coverage and financial soundness. A series of extensive reforms in the areas of pensions and unemployment insurance and a rationalization of administrative arrangements and responsibilities have been introduced over the last two decades, but further reform seems inevitable as external pressures and policy priorities change. A key goal of the reform process has been to transfer responsibility for social security from enterprises to the state, but the system still suffers from a series of serious financial problems. Despite the extensive reforms that have already been introduced, these problems and the structural imbalances underlying them will require further action. The most important of these imbalances relate to the split between the nature and role of social security in the urban and rural sectors, the role of the commercial provision and its relationship with the state, and the extension of programmes aimed at poverty alleviation.     

论康有为《大同书》的社会构想

康有为的《大同书》集中反映了１９世纪末期形成的大同思想。康有为的大同思想广泛吸取了古今中外各种先进思想的养分,揉进了他的政治构想,描绘了人类社会未来发展的美好远景。康有为《大同书》中的社会构想是资产阶级维新派从事资本主义改革、推动社会进步的最高政治纲领,它给资产阶级维新派指明了前进的道路和方向,对于维新运动的发展起了积极的推动作用。     

论中国跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的三大理论支撑

对马、恩晚年提出的东方国家跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”的设想,要从历史的经验教训和时代发展变化的高度进行辩证的理解。在社会生产力未高度发展,从而高于和优于资本主义的社会主义社会建成之前,落后国家将始终处于跨越“峡谷”的过程之中。“跨越”是一个完整漫长的发展过程。社会主义初级阶段理论、社会主义本质理论、社会主义市场经济理论,是中国实现完整“跨越”的三个重要理论支撑。中国特色社会主义理论从理论创新和实践突破的高度,发展和完善了马、恩的“跨越”设想。     

论日本人自我认知的文化特点

本文从“心理—社会均衡”理论出发,认为作为日本人的基本人际状态的“缘人”,认知的参照群体不像中国人的群体那样具有恒定性,而有较大的不确定性。自我认知的文化机理是:“个我”与“群我”的融合;“表我”与“里我”的熟练切换以及序列、位置对于自我认知的重要性。这种文化机理构成一种“缘人”的“自一他协调”式的自我认知模式。这种模式有利亦有弊,在社会发生了较大变化的今天,日本人的自我认知模式也出现了变化的迹象。     

论思想政治教育的四重功效

思想政治教育的功效是指在一定条件下,思想政治教育主体在实践过程中充分运用各种方法和途径,作用于思想政治教育客体,从而对思想政治教育客体和社会发展所产生的积极作用和影响。它们是教育者、受教育者、教育内容、教育环境等要素相互作用而产生的良性功能和效益。具体而言,思想政治教育具有经济、政治、文化、社会等四个方面的重要功效。     

《水浒传》史进的形象积淀及个性消失探因

“史进”这一人物最早出现在史书记载中，进入文学叙事领域经历了一个逐渐积淀的过程，成为《水浒传》中的史进形象。史进具有重义重情而疏于人情世故，剀直爽劲中渗透着草率粗疏，好武尚艺却杂博不精等多维组合的性格特征，其性格结构内部隐含着悖逆的成分。史进的性格在《水浒传》前半部分得到了较为鲜明的表现。但是，随着故事展开，他的性格特征逐渐弱化终至消失。造成这一现象可以归结为描写粗疏导致人物形神具失、散点式展现人物性格忽视了内在逻辑、人物言行功能转换导致性格要素缺位等原因。     

迁移行为对农民工健康状况的影响

本文比较了不同迁移行为农民工的健康差异,从迁移方式和迁移时间两个维度构建了农民工健康状况的分析框架,利用2014年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据和有序选择模型检验了迁移行为影响农民工健康的效应和机制。研究发现农民工的迁移行为存在健康移民效应和三文鱼偏误效应,回归结果显示迁移时间长的农民工自评健康更差,而情感社会支持健康效应并没有显著影响农民工自评健康。本研究为实施推进新型城市化和健康中国战略提供了政策建设。