信息披露最优化与交易效率——一个弱势个体与强势个体交换的例证

本文以中小企业融资市场为例,应用数理模型揭示了弱势个体通过集体形式披露信息从而提高交易效率的微观机理。研究发现,弱势个体在同强势个体进行交易时,不仅存在信息披露最优化问题,还存在着规模效应不足的问题,这致使两者在现实中难以实现交易。研究表明:1.一定程度上信息不对称能使弱势个体与强势个体在交易中实现双赢;2. 弱势个体在无法正常披露信息时,通过捆绑以强势集体形式披露信息,不仅可以改善强弱双方的信息不对称状况,而且可以把弱势个体隐匿型信息内部化,以利于同强势个体交易,从而提高交易效率;3. 集体披露信息机制还能够创造规模效应。     

内部控制在公司投资中的角色:效率促进还是抑制?

本文以投资效率为核心,通过基于流动性特性的条件关系检验和基于预期投资偏离的无条件关系检验,探讨了内部控制在公司投资中的角色。研究发现,当公司很可能面临投资过度境况时,更低的内部控制质量加剧了该现象的发生;当公司很可能面临投资不足境况时,更低的内部控制质量同样加剧了投资不足现象的发生;相对于内控较好的公司而言,内控较差的公司更可能出现在偏离正常投资水平的无法解释的极端投资组;公司层面和会计层面重大内控缺陷对投资的影响并无显著差异;整体而言,内控缺陷更多的公司,其之于非效率投资的影响更加严重。本研究表明,加强企业内部控制建设是提高公司投资效率的重要途径,亦是从微观层面防止中国经济投资过热或过冷,促进中国经济平稳、协调发展的重要途径,意味着当前监管机构加强企业内部控制建设的决策是有助于保护投资者利益的。     

常见牙膏品牌亲和力与重复购买意愿的实证研究

本文以品牌亲和力-品牌效用-重复购买意愿的品牌信息经验机制为指南,通过对常见牙膏品牌亲和力的比较研究,探寻牙膏品牌亲和力与消费者重复购买意愿的关系,具有为商家提供品牌经营决策信息的现实意义。     

L(d,1)-labelings of the edge-path-replacement of a graph

For two positive integers j and k with j≥k, an L(j,k)-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of nonnegative integers to V(G) such that the difference between labels of adjacent vertices is at least j, and the difference between labels of vertices that are distance two apart is at least k. The span of an L(j,k)-labeling of a graph G is the difference between the maximum and minimum integers used by it. The L(j,k)-labelings-number of G is the minimum span over all L(j,k)-labelings of G. This paper focuses on L(d,1)-labelings-number of the edge-path-replacement G(P _k ) of a graph G. Note that G(P ₃) is the incidence graph of G. L(d,1)-labelings of the edge-path-replacement G(P _k ) of a graph, called (d,1)-total labeling of G, was introduced in 2002 by Havet and Yu (Workshop graphs and algorithms, 2003; Discrete Math 308:493–513, 2008). Havet and Yu (Discrete Math 308:498–513, 2008) obtained the bound $\Delta+ d-1\leq\lambda^{T}_{d}(G)\leq2\Delta+ d-1$ and conjectured $\lambda^{T}_{d}(G)\leq\Delta+2d-1$ . In (Lü in J Comb Optim, to appear; Zhejiang University, submitted), we worked on L(2,1)-labelings-number and L(1,1)-labelings-number of the edge-path-replacement G(P _k ) of a graph G, and obtained that λ(G(P _k ))≤Δ+2 for k≥5, and conjecture λ(G(P ₄))≤Δ+2 for any graph G with maximum degree Δ. In this paper, we will study L(d,1)-labelings-number of the edge-path-replacement G(P _k ) of a graph G for d≥3 and k≥4.     

中国情境下变革型领导的内涵与测量的再探讨

结合我国当代社会发展的实际情况,对变革型领导在中国情境下具有的行为结构及其内涵进行了深层次的探讨,并在此基础上发展了中国变革型领导的测量工具。研究结果表明,中国变革型领导是一个二阶四因素结构,包括影响力、愿景激励、个性化关怀和智力激发,且中国变革型领导在二阶构念上与西方理论一致。此外,这4个中国变革型维度的内涵又各自包括了2个子维度和有关内容。研究进一步完善和修正了现有研究对中国变革型领导的界定,编制的中国变革型领导行为问卷(CTLQ)的各项指标都达到了心理测量学的要求。     

高管变更与盈余管理——基于应计项目操控与真实活动操控的实证研究

本文将应计项目操控和真实活动操控纳入分析框架,研究上市公司发生总经理变更后的盈余管理行为.理论分析表明,新任总经理在上任当年利用应计项目负向盈余管理可“一举多得”,利用真实活动进行盈余管理却可能会“损公不利己”;而在后续年度利用真实活动正向盈余管理虽会“损公”却可“利己”.以沪深A股上市公司2005-2010年数据为样本进行的实证检验结果显示,在总经理变更当年,上市公司存在利用应计项目调减利润的盈余管理行为,但不存在利用真实活动的盈余管理行为.在新任总经理上任后第一、二个完整会计年度,上市公司存在利用应计项目和真实活动调增利润的盈余管理行为.总经理变更当年,如果董事长也发生变更,则上市公司在变更当年利用应计项目调减利润的程度更大,在变更后第一、二个完整会计年度利用应计项目和真实活动调增利润的程度也显著更大.     

The perceptions of human resource development professionals in Taiwan regarding their working relationships with subject matter experts (SMEs) during the training design process

While the literature supports the importance of establishing a relationship between designers and subject matter experts (SMEs) in the training design process, this approach is not followed in all global practices. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of human resource development professionals in Taiwan regarding their working relationships with SMEs. The respondents of the study were HRD professionals who worked in high-tech companies located in a science park in Taiwan. The study found that a significant relationship exists between the ability to work with SMEs and current ability in the training design process among HRD professionals who had worked with SMEs. This study provides implications for the professional development of HRD practitioners and HRD practice in Taiwan companies. Cross-cultural issues are discussed to explain inconsistencies between the results and US-based perspectives on the training design process.     

Risks Perception of Electromagnetic Fields in Taiwan: The Influence of Psychopathology and the Degree of Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields

Little is known about the perceived health risks of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and factors associated with risk perception in non‐Western countries. Psychological conditions and risk perception have been postulated as factors that facilitate the attribution of health complaints to environmental factors. This study investigated people's perceived risks of EMFs and other environmental sources, as well as the relationships between risk perception, psychopathology, and the degree of self‐reported sensitivity to EMFs. A total of 1,251 adults selected from a nationwide telephone interviewing system database responded to a telephone survey about the relationships between environmental sources and human health. The interview included questions assessing participants’ psychiatric conditions and the presence and degree of sensitivity to EMFs. One hundred and seventy participants were self‐identified as having sensitivity to EMFs, and 141 met the criteria for psychiatric conditions without EMF sensitivity. More than half of the survey respondents considered power lines and mobile phone base stations to affect people's health to a big extent. Higher sensitivity to EMFs, psychopathology, being female, being married, more years of education, and having a catastrophic illness had positive associations with perceived risks of EMF‐related environmental sources as well as for all environmental sources combined. We observed no moderating effect of psychopathology on the association between degree of sensitivity to EMF and risk perception. Thus, psychopathology had influence on general people's risk perception without having influence on the relationship between people's degree of sensitivity to EMF and risk perception. The plausible explanations are discussed in the text.     

Note on inventory models with Weibull distribution deterioration

This article explores the inventory model with a general demand rate function in which both the Weibull distributed deterioration and partial backlogging are considered. The inventory model discussed here is based on the important finding by Wu [Wu, K.S., 2001. An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, ramp type demand rate and partial backlogging. Production Planning and Control, 12, 787–793]. There are four parts in our research. First, we derive the analytical framework of the inventory model for a general demand rate function1 1.?Based on detailed suggestions of Professor Wafik H. Iskander, Email: whiskander@mail.wvu.edu . Second, for the ramp type demand, we improve Wu's model to find the criterion to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. Third, we develop a new model to compensate for the missing case in Wu's article. Fourth, we combine our results to show that our findings are applicable to the ramp type demand inventory model, so that the optimal solution is independent of the demand function. Finally, some numerical examples and graphs are provided to illustrate our discovery and demonstrate the application of our analytical framework.     

Beyond the make-or-buy dichotomy: outsourcing creativity in the fashion sector

Both a resource-based view and transaction cost economics perspective point to firms deciding to either make-or-buy an input. In practice, this tends to result in low-skill functions being outsourced while those of higher value are retained. In this article, we explore a situation counter to the prevailing literature. We study a highly creative industry – fashion – and discover the relationship between core competence and outsourcing is not as simple as previously conceptualised. Creativity, fashion's assumed competency, rather than being guarded within a firm is instead often outsourced or borrowed. More mundane tasks such as marketing and logistics are what each firm rather develops. The effects of resulting co-dependencies are mapped and analysed in order to offer managerial insight as well as contribute to discussion within the outsourcing and resource based literatures.