Robust inference for estimating equations with nonignorably missing data based on SIR algorithm

Nonresponse is a very common phenomenon in survey sampling. Nonignorable nonresponse – that is, a response mechanism that depends on the values of the variable having nonresponse – is the most difficult type of nonresponse to handle. This article develops a robust estimation approach to estimating equations (EEs) by incorporating the modelling of nonignorably missing data, the generalized method of moments (GMM) method and the imputation of EEs via the observed data rather than the imputed missing values when some responses are subject to nonignorably missingness. Based on a particular semiparametric logistic model for nonignorable missing response, this paper proposes the modified EEs to calculate the conditional expectation under nonignorably missing data. We can apply the GMM to infer the parameters. The advantage of our method is that it replaces the non-parametric kernel-smoothing with a parametric sampling importance resampling (SIR) procedure to avoid nonparametric kernel-smoothing problems with high dimensional covariates. The proposed method is shown to be more robust than some current approaches by the simulations.     

时间性与有限性本质中的道与Ereignis及其普遍语言性问题

在老庄思想中,由于其自身中包含有“有”与“无”的冲突结构,道从来就不是一种具有绝对可理解性和现成性特征的纯粹在场性。这一点构成了道的思想与始终拒绝“无”的问题的西方形而上学传统的本质差别。但另一方面,道的思想也因此而表现出它与海德格尔的Ereignis之思在根本问题层面上的同构性;而“无”的本质性参与则表明,与Ereignis相同,道作为以自身为根据的绝对超越者,始终是从时间性、有限性方面被理解的。这是真正具有现代意义的思想原则,它不仅规定了道与Ereignis的不可言说性以及与此相关的语言本质问题,而且,现代哲学解释学的全部思想也都建立在这一思想基础上。     

忠实与叛逆的辩证统一——论翻译中忠实标准的兼容并蓄

翻译的忠实可分为源语文本派忠实、源语语境派忠实和译者认知派忠实。文章揭示了这三种忠实其实都只是忠实的一个方面而已,对翻译中的忠实与叛逆应有不同的理解。三种忠实标准的兼容并蓄,以及翻译中忠实和叛逆的辩证统一,或许才能还忠实以本来的面目。     

Stereotype and National Attachment in Hong Kong Chinese Context: A Moderated Mediation Model of Perceived Inter-group Relationship and Age

The present study investigated the relationship between Hong Kong people’s stereotype toward Mainland people and their own national attachment (i.e., national identity, constructive patriotism, and uncritical patriotism). The role of inter-group relationship as mediator and age as moderator of that relationship were also tested. A total of 1753 local Hong Kong people aged 17–80 (mean age = 20.35 years, SD = 5.02) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding their stereotypes toward Mainland people, inter-group relationship with Mainland people, and national attachment. As expected, stereotypes toward Mainland people, inter-group relationship and national attachment showed significant positive associations with each other. More interestingly, it was found that the inter-group relationship mediated the relationship between stereotypes toward Mainland people and three domains of national attachment, with this indirect link being weaker for younger Hong Kong adults than for older Hong Kong adults. Implications of the present findings for future research are discussed, as well as potential interventions for increasing subjective national attachment to China, especially in young Hong Kong people.     

Employees’ prosocial behavioral intentions through empowerment in CSR decision-making

This study theorizes and empirically tests a conceptual framework to understand how a company can better motivate its employees to carry out persistent prosocial behavior and develop positive organization-employee relationships through corporate social responsibility (CSR) involvement. A managerial approach, employee participative decision making in CSR, is examined for its impact on the prosocial behavioral outcome among employees and the relational outcome for the organization. Furthermore, a psychological mechanism that emphasizes employees’ perceived need satisfaction is examined as the underlying explanation that drives the effectiveness of the managerial approach. The study results support that empowering employees to co-construct CSR decisions with top management is effective in satisfying employees’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This in turn increases the employees’ intention to maintain long-lasting involvement in CSR and improves their relationships with the company. This study provides important implications for public relations professionals and organizational leaders on how to improve their internal CSR communication and involvement practice and cultivate desirable organization-employee relationships.     

社会融合中的性别差异:流动人口工作搜寻时间的实证分析

文章以扩展传统的流动人口社会融合的静态研究视角,使用国家人口计生委2010年上半年流动人口动态监测调查数据,从男女农村流动人口工作搜寻时间的角度进一步比较农村流动人口融入流入地劳动力市场过程的性别差异及影响因素。文章采用持续时间模型,通过研究农村流动人口在流入地城市找工作所花费时间的影响因素,发现虽然在给定时间内,女性流动人口在流入地找到工作所花费的时间比男性要短,但女性找到高收入工作的概率要低于男性,而接受低收入工作的概率要大于男性,从而导致性别区隔的流动人口社会融入模式。     

东北三省农村残疾人口的婚姻状况及其影响因素分析

承中残联项目"关于东北三省农村残疾人社会保障体系和社会服务体系调查",吉林大学哲学社会学院社会保障学系的师生于2011年3月—11月在吉林、辽宁、黑龙江三省进行抽样。抽取了13个市(县)的52个乡,143个自然村的共4360名残疾人作为样本。论文在对4360个调查对象组成的样本做了SPSS分析的基础上,发现六类不同类型的残疾人口的婚姻状况差异很大,分析了关于残疾人的婚姻影响因素,总结出农村残疾人婚姻方面临的主要问题和矛盾。     

命题的本格初探

命题是逻辑哲学的核心概念,许多哲学家提出了自己关于命题本格的观点。弗雷格认为命题即被构造的思想,罗素认为命题是由词项构成的统一体,维特根斯坦认为命题是可能世界的集合。辨析以上观点可以指认:命题是被构造的抽象实体,它是真值载体,独立于自然语言而存在,具有合法的本体论地位。     

独立学院非英语专业英语学习者动机激发策略研究

本文研究以Dornyei与Otto的二语学习动机过程模式为基础,探讨激发和维持独立学院学生英语学习动机的有效策略。     

Predictors of Treatment Outcome Among Asian Pathological Gamblers (PGs): Clinical,Behavioural, Demographic,and Treatment Process Factors

Research on predictors of treatment outcome among pathological gamblers (PGs) is inconclusive and dominated by studies from Western countries. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the current study examined demographic, clinical, behavioural and treatment programme predictors of gambling frequency at 3, 6 and 12-months, among PGs treated at an addiction clinic in Singapore. Measures included the Hospital anxiety and depression scale, gambling symptom assessment scale (GSAS), personal well-being index (PWI), treatment perception questionnaire and gambling readiness to change scale. Treatment response in relation to changes in symptom severity, personal wellbeing and abstinence were also assessed. Abstinence rates were 38.6, 46.0 and 44.4 % at 3, 6 and 12-months respectively. Significant reductions in gambling frequency, GSAS, and improvement in PWI were reported between baseline and subsequent outcome assessments, with the greatest change occurring in the initial three months. No demographic, clinical, behavioural or treatment programme variable consistently predicted outcome at all three assessments, though treatment satisfaction was the most frequent significant predictor. However, being unemployed, having larger than average debts, poor treatment satisfaction and attending fewer sessions at the later stages of treatment were associated with significantly poorer outcomes, up to 1-year after initiating treatment. These findings show promise for the effectiveness of a CBT-based treatment approach for the treatment of predominantly Chinese PGs. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Taken together, the findings suggest early treatment satisfaction is paramount in improving short-term outcomes, with baseline gambling behaviour and treatment intensity playing a more significant role in the longer term.