流通软实力研究将会 独辟蹊径 别开生面

作者认为,流通＂软实力＂的研究,将会独辟蹊径开创流通领域研究的新视角、新思路,有助于推动流通影响力的研究。运用软实力理论和方法,定性研究与精确化定量研究相结合,有助于解决我国流通领域存在的＂成本高、效能低＂等诸多紧迫现实问题。     

基于流程活动的IT与企业战略匹配测量

在信息系统领域理论研究中,如何测量IT与企业战略匹配仍是一个没有解决的问题。本研究首先以亨德森(Henderson)和文卡特拉曼(Venkatraman,1999)提出的战略匹配模型为基础,将IT战略的内涵聚焦为实现的应用软件组合给组织提供的支持上。然后,根据这一思路提出了衡量IT战略的维度应该符合三个条件,并说明了流程活动是适合的维度。同时,在IT与企业战略匹配值的计算方法上,我们对传统的调节匹配(moderation)方法提出了改进建议。最后,我们用中国制造业101家企业首席信息官(CIO)的调查数据进行了分析,结果表明本研究测量方法的有效性得到了支持。     

文化符号视阈下客家非物质文化遗产的传承和利用——以闽西客家为例

现代化、市场化、城镇化冲击着非物质文化遗产的原有传承基础,非物质文化遗产保护问题受到前所末有的挑战.从文化符号学的角度对客家非物质文化遗产进行功能分析,它具有文化认同、沟通、审美等功能,但在社会发展和变迁中受到冲击,只有利用文化符号规律能更好地传承与利用客家非物质文化遗产,在收集整理、保护利用、人才培养、区域合作等方面发挥客家文化符号的作用.     

我国教育技术学硕士学位论文的可视化研究——基于社会网络分析视角

关键词是文献的重要组成部分,凝聚了文献的论述核心。选取教育技术学专业硕士学位论文的关键词,经过数据处理形成共词矩阵。采用社会网络分析（SNA）方法和工具,从绘制网络社群图、中心性分析、网络密度分析、小世界效应分析、核心—边缘分析等角度做了详细的论述,指出了我国教育技术学研究生的研究方向及现状。     

Understanding Public Perceptions of Benefits and Risks of Childhood Vaccinations in the United States

In the face of a growing public health concern accompanying the reemerging threat of preventable diseases, this research seeks mainly to explain variations in the perceived benefits and risks of vaccinations among the general public in the United States. As Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky's grid‐group cultural theory of risk perception claims, the analytical results based upon original data from a nationwide Internet survey of 1,213 American adults conducted in 2010 suggest that individuals’ cultural predispositions contribute to the formation of their perceptions pertaining to vaccine benefits and risks at both societal and individual levels, in conjunction with other factors suggested by previous risk perception literature, such as perceived prevalence of diseases, trust, knowledge level, and demographic characteristics. Those with a strong hierarch orientation tend to envision greater benefits and lesser risks and conceive of a relatively high ratio of benefit to risk when compared to other cultural types. By contrast, those with a strong fatalist tendency are inclined to emphasize risks and downplay benefits while conceiving of a low vaccination benefit‐risk ratio. Situated between hierarchs and fatalists, strong egalitarians are prone to perceive greater benefits, smaller risks, and a more positive benefit‐risk ratio than strong individualists.     

Building Supply Chain Resilience through Virtual Stockpile Pooling

Stockpiling inventory is an essential strategy for building supply chain resilience. It enables firms to continue operating while finding a solution to an unexpected event that causes a supply disruption or demand surge. While extremely valuable when actually deployed, stockpiles incur large holding costs and usually provide no benefits until such a time. To help to reduce this cost, this study presents a new approach for managing stockpiles. We show that if leveraged intelligently, stockpiles can also help an organization better meet its own regular demand by enabling a type of virtual pooling we call virtual stockpile pooling (VSP). The idea of VSP is to first integrate the stockpile into several locations’ regular inventory buffers and then dynamically reallocate the stockpile among these locations in reaction to the demand realizations to achieve a kind of virtual transshipment. To study how to execute VSP and determine when it can provide the most value, we formulate a stylized multi‐location stochastic inventory model and solve for the optimal stockpile allocation and inventory order policies. We show that VSP can provide significant cost savings: in some cases nearly the full holding cost of the stockpile (i.e., VSP effectively maintains the stockpile for free), in other cases nearly the savings of traditional physical inventory pooling. Last, our results prescribe implementing VSP with many locations for large stockpiles, but only a few locations for small stockpiles.     

Distributionally Robust Optimization of Two‐Stage Lot‐Sizing Problems

This paper studies two‐stage lot‐sizing problems with uncertain demand, where lost sales, backlogging and no backlogging are all considered. To handle the ambiguity in the probability distribution of demand, distributionally robust models are established only based on mean‐covariance information about the distribution. Based on shortest path reformulations of lot‐sizing problems, we prove that robust solutions can be obtained by solving mixed 0‐1 conic quadratic programs (CQPs) with mean‐risk objective functions. An exact parametric optimization method is proposed by further reformulating the mixed 0‐1 CQPs as single‐parameter quadratic shortest path problems. Rather than enumerating all potential values of the parameter, which may be the super‐polynomial in the number of decision variables, we propose a branch‐and‐bound‐based interval search method to find the optimal parameter value. Polynomial time algorithms for parametric subproblems with both uncorrelated and partially correlated demand distributions are proposed. Computational results show that the proposed models greatly reduce the system cost variation at the cost of a relative smaller increase in expected system cost, and the proposed parametric optimization method is much more efficient than the CPLEX solver.     

Equilibrium Joining Strategies and Optimal Control of a Make‐to‐Stock Queue

We consider a make‐to‐stock, finite‐capacity production system with setup cost and delay‐sensitive customers. To balance the setup and inventory related costs, the production manager adopts a two‐critical‐number control policy, where the production starts when the number of waiting customers reaches a certain level and shuts down when a certain quantity of inventory has accumulated. Once the production is set up, the unit production time follows an exponential distribution. Potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process. Customers are strategic, i.e., they make decisions on whether to stay for the product or to leave without purchase based on their utility values, which depend on the production manager's control decisions. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game between the production manager and the customers, where the former is the game leader. We first derive the equilibrium customer purchasing strategy and system performance. We then formulate the expected cost rate function for the production system and present a search algorithm for obtaining the optimal values of the two control variables. We further analyze the characteristics of the optimal solution numerically and compare them with the situation where the customers are non‐strategic.     

农村计划生育社会保障机制建设的探讨——以江苏省溧阳市为例

本文结合江苏溧阳市计划生育社会保障机制建设的主要做法及面临的困境与挑战,提出了计划生育社会保障机制发展的基本思路与对策:必须整合计划生育社会保障制度的基本内容、突出计划生育社会保障制度的重点;计划生育社会保障机制必须更好地融合到社会保障体系中去,实现计划生育社会保障机制的良性循环。     

论我国养老保险的筹资模式

如何选择最佳的筹资方式是依托社会保障体系化解我国人口老龄化压力的关键所在。作为最基本的养老金筹资方式,现收现付制与个人帐户制的特征与对经济的影响不同,但并不能简单地由此分出两者谁优谁劣,不是由现收现付制完全转为个人帐户制所有问题就会迎刃而解。未来我国养老保险筹资方式的上佳选择是建立多支柱、多层次的社会保障体系。在此前提下,现收现付制与个人帐户制相互协调,共同存在较之相互替代更有助于缓解不可避免的养老金支付困难。