“语言逻辑”：走进马克思

本文认为,以语言逻辑为切入点,弄清作者的语言思维习惯、写作的时代背景,理顺作者的行文思路,结合上下文的具体语境,深入理解文字背后的深层意蕴,即“语言逻辑”范式,将引领马克思哲学诠释学走出困惑,走向复兴、充满生机和活力。     

农业要素市场化对农村生态环境质量的影响效应

为检验城乡二元结构背景下农业要素市场化对农村生态环境的影响效应,利用我国30个省级行政单位1998—2018年面板数据建立有调节的多重中介效应模型,就农业要素市场化对农村生态环境的影响路径以及城乡二元结构在其中的调节作用进行了实证分析。结果表明：农业要素市场化对农村生态环境具有显著的正向影响;从具体影响路径看,农业要素市场化对农村生态环境影响的直接效应显著为正,农业要素投入在该影响过程中发挥了中介作用,其中,劳动和土地要素投入的中介效应显著为正,资本要素投入的中介效应显著为负;城乡二元结构对中介过程的前半路径具有显著的调节作用,但对直接路径的调节作用并不显著。城乡二元结构阻碍了城乡之间的要素流动,从而弱化了劳动要素投入变化对农村生态环境的正面效应和资本要素投入变化对农村生态环境的负面效应,同时也强化了土地要素投入变化对农村生态环境的正面效应。     

工科院校汉语言文学专业人才培养模式探略——以石家庄铁道学院为例

在分析工科院校汉语言文学专业建设现状的基础上,提出培养符合社会需求的应用型中文人才的培养目标。通过制定切实可行的培养计划,重点抓好写作教学和实践训练环节,认真抓好教学质量和毕业论文写作,多管齐下,以达到培养符合社会需要的以写作能力为突出能力,懂经济、懂新闻、懂文秘的德智体全面发展、理论基础扎实、知识面宽、富有创新精神和实践能力的应用型中文人才。     

Adolescent experiences with online racial discrimination: Implications for prevention and coping

Online aggression represents a wide range of negative experiences, including online discrimination targeting individuals based on race, but adolescent perspectives are not well-represented. We interviewed 15 adolescents regarding their experiences with online racial discrimination. After a phenomenological analysis, four main themes emerged: types of online racial aggression, processes supporting online racism, personal coping, and strategies to prevent online racial aggression. These themes provided insights into adolescent experiences, including feelings about targeted online racial discrimination, intersectionality with sexual harassment, and comfort through processing with friends. This study highlights adolescents' thoughts regarding advocacy, education, and social media reform to prevent online racial aggression. Future research should ensure that youth voices from minoritized racial backgrounds are integrated into efforts to address these critical social issues.     

Validation of the ultra-short scale for measuring work engagement among social workers in Chinese contexts

Based on 683 valid questionnaires collected among a convenience sample of social workers from Hong Kong, Macau and three other cities in mainland China, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the three-item ultra-short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (C-UWES-3). The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the discriminant validity of C-UWES-3 by differentiating its three items from other five items measuring emotional exhaustion and role ambiguity. The concurrent validity of C-UWES-3 was supported by its superior explanatory power to the original nine-item version of the scale (C-UWES-9) in relation to explaining social workers' turnover intention. The convergent validity of C-UWES-3 was supported by its correlations vis-à-vis factors in the job demands-resources model such as job demands, job resources, turnover intention and collective psychological ownership. The C-UWES-3 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81). Overall, the C-UWES-3 demonstrates excellent psychometric properties for informing future research.     

高铁开通对安徽省县域经济增长的影响机制研究

高速铁路的出现,加速了人流、物流、资金流等生产要素的流动和重新分配,对于县域经济增长产生重大影响。以安徽省县域作为研究对象,基于2003—2020年安徽省58个县域的面板数据,运用双重差分模型,分析高铁开通对安徽省县域经济增长的影响。研究发现,高铁开通在整体上对县域经济增长产生了显著的正向影响;异质性分析显示,高铁开通对人口大县的经济增长产生了显著的正向影响,对人口小县的经济增长产生了显著的负向影响。影响机制分析表明,劳动力的流失减小了高铁对县域经济增长的正向影响。最后根据结论对安徽省县域经济发展以及未来的高铁规划提供合理的政策建议,助力县域经济快速发展。     

A smoothed Q‐learning algorithm for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes

In this paper, we propose a smoothed Q‐learning algorithm for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes. In contrast to the Q‐learning algorithm in which nonregular inference is involved, we show that, under assumptions adopted in this paper, the proposed smoothed Q‐learning estimator is asymptotically normally distributed even when the Q‐learning estimator is not and its asymptotic variance can be consistently estimated. As a result, inference based on the smoothed Q‐learning estimator is standard. We derive the optimal smoothing parameter and propose a data‐driven method for estimating it. The finite sample properties of the smoothed Q‐learning estimator are studied and compared with several existing estimators including the Q‐learning estimator via an extensive simulation study. We illustrate the new method by analyzing data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness–Alzheimer's Disease (CATIE‐AD) study.     

Transactional Sex and Preferences for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Administration Modalities Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM)

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important biomedical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention tool gaining more popularity among Parisian men who have sex with men (MSM) who engage in transactional sex. This study examines the knowledge of, and willingness to use, different modalities of PrEP among this subgroup. Broadcast advertisements were placed on a geosocial-networking smartphone application with a link to a Web-based survey during three 24-hour periods in October 2016. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between engagement in transactional sex and preferences for each of these PrEP modalities. A total of 444 respondents were included. About 14% reported engagement in transactional sex. In all, 90% of MSM who engaged in transactional sex were knowledgeable of daily oral PrEP, while 13.3% were knowledgeable about long-acting injectable PrEP or penile or rectal microbicides. They were more likely to be aware of long-acting injectable PrEP (aRR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.16 to 5.47) and willing to use daily oral PrEP (aRR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.98) or long-acting injectable PrEP (aRR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.81) than MSM who had not engaged in transactional sex. Long-acting injectable PrEP may be an important HIV-prevention option for MSM who engage in transactional sex if this modality is proven effective.     

The immense and continuing challenge of urban governance: Developments in Australia and across Greater China

The article describes the long history of urbanisation, including developments in four jurisdictions – three in Greater China (the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Australia. While each has its own history, all now face challenges associated with continuing urbanisation and the growth of very large cities. There are broadly similar economic forces at work, but differences in scale and differences in the “growth machines” involved and the institutional arrangements within which urban governance operates. The article explains the growing importance internationally of urban governance and the growing interest in the “performance” of cities. The authors then set out two case studies describing developments in urban governance around Shanghai and around Sydney. In both cases, the scale of big city growth is demanding both horizontal and vertical coordination, and processes that facilitate citizens and civil society participation. While the very different institutional arrangements in these jurisdictions have led to different urban governance arrangements, there are common challenges that have led to some common governance developments such as having a lead government with citywide and comprehensive public service responsibilities, and also having the national government play an increasingly active role in support.     

结构、社会效应与符号隐喻: 基于西双版纳曼那寨禁忌的田野考察

禁忌现象普遍存在于不同时代、不同社会类型中,其否定性指向一方面可维护社群秩序、确立社群边界,另一方面也可能会打破日常生活的一致性和连贯性,作为社会生活的一个重要组成部分有着现实意义。在傣泐社会,禁忌既可以指代被避讳的人或事,也可以指代这种避讳行为本身,被禁忌的对象往往代表着一种反社会、无序、力量与危险,通过人们的正面或负面的仪式实践而被赋予仪式价值。本论文立足于西双版纳曼那寨禁忌现象的田野调查,对禁忌的形式、结构、社会效应及符号隐喻进行分析,理解当地禁忌的实践过程和社会体系间的关系,阐释生发于社会习俗中的禁忌在傣泐社会中如何实现“功能和谐”、发挥社会效应。