企业信息披露中的模仿行为研究——基于制度理论的分析

本文在制度理论的分析框架下,研究合法性压力和不确定性条件下企业信息披露中的模仿行为及由此导致的制度同形现象.本文以2006-2010年我国重污染行业上市公司年报中的环境信息披露为研究对象,发现企业环境信息披露存在同形性和模仿行为,且属于模仿其它企业平均水平的频率模仿,而不是模仿领先者.本文将已有的信息披露研究从经济学分析的视角向经济社会学进行拓展,丰富了对信息披露过程中决策者认知过程和制度化过程的认识,同时也透过信息披露中的模仿行为从更加微观的层面为制度化过程中的趋同现象提供了新的证据.     

On the Oversized Problem of Dickey–Fuller-Type Tests with GARCH Errors

This article examines the finite-sample size of a class of Dickey–Fuller-type tests in the presence of GARCH errors, with and without the influence of initial conditions of the underlying simulated path. Oversizing is observed for all tests when the GARCH process is nearly degenerate and the volatility parameter is large, but the degree of size distortion varies across tests and is contingent on the initial condition. The result due to the initial effect is linked to the size distortion caused by a sequence of small downward variance breaks arising in the early stage of the underlying process.     

Computing A-optimal Designs for Weighted Polynomial Regression by Taylor Expansion

This article is concerned with the problem of constructing A-optimal design for polynomial regression with analytic weight function on the interval [m ? a, m + a], m, a > 0. It is shown that the structure of the optimal design depends on a and weight function only, as a close to 0. Moreover, if the weight function is an analytic function a, then a scaled version of optimal support points, and weights are analytic functions of a at a = 0. We make use of a Taylor expansion to provide a recursive procedure for calculating the A-optimal designs. Examples are presented to illustrate the procedures for computing the optimal designs.     

Nonparametric Testing for Asymmetric Information

Asymmetric information is an important phenomenon in many markets and in particular in insurance markets. Testing for asymmetric information has become a very important issue in the literature in the last two decades. Almost all testing procedures that are used in empirical studies are parametric, which may yield misleading conclusions in the case of misspecification of either functional or distributional relationships among the variables of interest. Motivated by the literature on testing conditional independence, we propose a new nonparametric test for asymmetric information, which is applicable in a variety of situations. We demonstrate that the test works reasonably well through Monte Carlo simulations and apply it to an automobile insurance dataset and a long-term care insurance (LTCI) dataset. Our empirical results consolidate Chiappori and Salanié’s findings that there is no evidence for the presence of asymmetric information in the French automobile insurance market. While Finkelstein and McGarry found no positive correlation between risk and coverage in the LTCI market in the United States, our test detects asymmetric information using only the information that is available to the insurance company, and our investigation of the source of asymmetric information suggests some sort of asymmetric information that is related to risk preferences as opposed to risk types and thus lends support to Finkelstein and McGarry.     

先秦诸子之前“中和”观考释

夏代之前,"中"大致既与方位空间相关,暗中关联到夏代宫室结构与王权意识,也与中分、对称的意识相关,可能与住宅建筑、工具制造中的对称均衡原则暗合。而"和"可能主要表现为音乐演奏中不同乐器的谐和,这种谐和的形式犹未完全脱离巫风,可能亦含有"和天地人神"之意义。到了商代,"中和"之观念既包含了殷商之人彻地通天的意识,也表现了为求通天(含颂神之义)而进行的有秩序的乐舞活动。伴随周代礼乐制度的成熟同步生成、发展的礼乐教化观念在一定程度上改变了"中""和"在夏商两代所具有的具象性和神秘主义特质,从而使之包含了更丰富、更具抽象概括性且更加明晰的哲学、社会学以及美学内涵。     

制度安排、GDP波动与股市涨跌

全球经济一体化的扑朔迷离,在一定程度上动摇了中国投资者对"股市是国民经济晴雨表"这一经典理论的信奉。股市有时超前GDP(国内生产总值)波动,有时滞后于GDP波动的涨跌现象,通常是由宏微观层面上制度安排和国内外经济环境所导致的投资、消费和出口这三驾马车的基本格局所决定。从影响投资、消费和出口的制度安排来看,投资规模变动依赖于制度的程度要大于消费,而出口规模变动对制度的依赖,则取决于国际间的制度安排;GDP波动与股市涨跌在长期内具有较高的相关性,但在短期内有时并不具有明显的相关性;股市涨跌在很大程度上取决于特定时空上的制度安排和市场机制所决定的资金与筹码的供求关系。     

论李约瑟的中西哲学比较研究

从哲学对科学技术发展之影响的视角来比较中西哲学的异同,是李约瑟解决“中国为什么未能产生近代科学技术”问题的思路之一。他通过把道家、墨家和名家的哲学与西方哲学相比较,提出了中国科学史的最大悲剧是道家的自然洞见未能与墨家的逻辑相结合的观点;通过把儒家哲学与西方哲学作比较,提出了儒家只注重研究“事”而不注重研究“物”,因而阻碍了科学发展的观点;通过把“中国科学哲学的三大基本理论”（五行说、阴阳说、《易经》思想体系）与西方哲学相比较,提出了《易经》思想体系对于科学发展“几乎从一开始就是一种灾难性的障碍”的观点。他既从中国融入世界历史进步潮流之需要的角度,指出了反思中世纪传统观念的必要性;又从科学发展的新趋势和解决当代全球性问题的思想高度,肯定了中国哲学的有机自然主义和伦理精神所具有的现代价值和世界意义。     

文学符号学构架

文学符号是存在于具体历史时空文学活动中的,由最小文学手法、整一文学手法、文本文学手法、文本纯文学风格、文本文学审美风格五个层级自我调节构成的结构,其模式为：（（（（ERC）RC^1）RC^2）RC^3）RC^4）RC^5。其中,ERC,即自然语言符号。E,是其能指即音响形象;C,是其所指即概念;R,表示两者的关系。文学手法、文学风格,是文学符号（（ERC）RC^5的基本意义。文学符号第一个结构层级的能指（ERC）与第五个结构层级的所指C^5文本文学审美理想具有双栖身份：既属于文学领域又属于非文学领域。通过（ERC）与C^5,文学符号在保持自己结构边界、结构转换规律维系文学符号自主、自足、自律运动时,维系与非文学的联系。