和谐农村建设:农村民间组织的功能分析

和谐农村建设是整个和谐社会建设的一个重要组成部分,与和谐社会在内涵与特征方面既有共性也有区别。全面把握这些特性,有利于消除和谐农村建设过程中的消极因素。在和谐农村建设中,农村民间组织对推动农村民主法治建设,促进农村公平正义的实现,保障农村的安定有序,以及促进农村人与自然和谐相处等发挥着独特作用。     

Improving the Numerical Performance of Static and Dynamic Aggregate Discrete Choice Random Coefficients Demand Estimation

The widely used estimator of Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) produces estimates of consumer preferences from a discrete‐choice demand model with random coefficients, market‐level demand shocks, and endogenous prices. We derive numerical theory results characterizing the properties of the nested fixed point algorithm used to evaluate the objective function of BLP's estimator. We discuss problems with typical implementations, including cases that can lead to incorrect parameter estimates. As a solution, we recast estimation as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints, which can be faster and which avoids the numerical issues associated with nested inner loops. The advantages are even more pronounced for forward‐looking demand models where the Bellman equation must also be solved repeatedly. Several Monte Carlo and real‐data experiments support our numerical concerns about the nested fixed point approach and the advantages of constrained optimization. For static BLP, the constrained optimization approach can be as much as ten to forty times faster for large‐dimensional problems with many markets.     

Online LPT algorithms for parallel machines scheduling with a single server

We consider two parallel machines scheduling problems with a single server. For the general case we present an online LPT algorithm with competitive ratio 2, and give a lower bound $\frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{2}$ . We also apply the online LPT algorithm to the special case where all the setup times are equal to 1. We show that the competitive ratio is 1.5, and no online algorithm can has a competitive ratio less than  $\sqrt{2}$ .     

青年社会组织公共危机差异化响应模式及其生成机制

青年社会组织差异化的危机响应从侧面勾勒了社会部门与青年公益者在社会治理中的不同想法。对青年社会组织应对危机的动机、行为、协同治理能力的研究发现,青年社会组织不同理性要素的交织产生了纺锤型危机治理结构,而公益理性取向与互动关系格局是最关键的两个分析维度。青年社会组织与青年公益者应加强社会责任与组织利益的协调,将工具性目标转变为内在的价值追求,重塑公益价值,才能实现理想的自主发展的社会化公益状态。     

供应链视角下的多方并购框架

以并购参与方所在供应链为研究视角,探讨了买方与多个供应商并购分析框架。首先,得出多种框架下并购前后各方所获利润,并数值模拟供应链环境变化对买方利润的影响;其次,在比较基础上给出供应链各方互动下的均衡。结果表明,并购交易的实施和供应链各方互动共同影响并购各方和其余各方所获利润,且互动削弱了并购产生的正向协同效应。本文给出了供应链各方互动下的并购分析框架,进一步完善了并购决策过程中的交易评估内容。     

重新思考群己权界:帕累托自由不可能性定理考辩

阿马蒂亚·森所证明的帕累托自由不可能性定理证明:两个似乎是不证自明的原则——最小自由原则和帕累托原则——之间是会存在冲突的。这一定理所蕴含的是一个元问题:确定自由边界的理据是什么?消解森定理中的悖论,需要形成某种合理的偏好。偏好的合理性、自由和权利边界是在历史过程中动态形成的,在不同的社会历史阶段是动态调整的。理解森定理,对于分析当下中国面对的种种权利冲突具有重要的现实意义。     

The relationship between Civil Unions and fertility in France: Preliminary evidence

This paper explores the relationship between fertility and the introduction of new laws regulating cohabitation, in a context of low fertility and high out of wedlock childbearing. We show that in France, while fertility and marriage rates moved closely together before 1999, since the introduction (in 1999) of the “Pacte Civil de Solidarité” (PACS)—a cohabitation contract less binding than marriage—this relationship is much weaker. Surprisingly, legal unions (defined as marriage plus PACS) and fertility continue to move together after this date. We provide evidence of the relationship between the introduction of PACS and fertility, utilizing the regional variation in the number of PACS per woman (PACS intensity) and the differences in fertility before and after 1999. We show that French Departments with high PACS intensity did not show a different trend in fertility before 1999 than those with low PACS intensity (excluding Metropolitan Paris). However, they did experience an increase in their fertility levels after the introduction of PACS. This suggests the need to collect better and more detailed data, in order to assess whether the recent increases in French fertility can be partially explained by the availability of PACS.     

LMS方法及其在流量数据中的应用

LMS模型是分析生长发育最常用的方法之一。本文详细阐述了LMS模型的构造原理；基于流量数据提出了费希尔信息矩阵与惩罚贝叶斯后验对数似然算法两种模型算法；利用中国健康营养调查（CHNS）1989-2011年中9年的流量数据，以所提出的LMS曲线算法为基础，通过计算BMI（Body Mass Index）绘制生长发育曲线研究我国青少年儿童生长发育情况和中年人健康问题。研究结果表明：1989-2011年间，我国0~18岁年龄段青少年儿童BMI中位数提高5%左右，生长发育高峰期有提前趋势；中年人群BMI中位数提高了10%左右，2000年后55周岁以上中年人体质差异有增大趋势。     

体域网中基于数据区分化服务的路由算法研究

针对体域网的特点和Qo S需求,本文引入了定向扩散(Directed Diffusion,DD)路由协议的思想,通过对DD算法的改进和扩展,提出适合体域网中不同数据类型传输的路由协议。在扩展原DD协议兴趣包格式的基础上,在体域网中引入中继节点,建立梯度,在数据传输阶段,确定数据优先级和队列模型,基于时延、能量二维Qo S参数,确定节点上不同优先级数据的下一跳中继节点。opnet模拟器验证实验结果表明,该路由算法能够提供不同数据业务类型的Qo S保障,并能很好的构建时延较短最优路径,优化了网络能量消耗,适合体域网路由。