男性与女性,谁更幸福

基于“世界价值观调查”等微观调查数据库,运用回归分析及差异分解的方法,本文首次研究了我国性别幸福感差异及其产生的原因.研究发现:我国女性的幸福感显著高于男性,并且差异产生的原因不是由于年龄、健康、受教育程度、就业、收入、婚姻等可观测因素的影响,而是由于某些不可观测的因素.这个结论对于不同年份、不同群体、不同数据库均成立.进一步研究发现,性别的歧视产生的社会压力可能对我国性别幸福感差异的产生起到了一定的作用.男性较低的幸福感来源于社会对于男性较高的期望,而更深层次的是对于女性的歧视.在我国,男性有更好的教育、更高的就业率和收入.这种男性占有优势的不平等,反而使男性产生较低的主观幸福感,这种“悖论”值得大家深思.     

Empirical likelihood weighted composite quantile regression with partially missing covariates

This paper develops a novel weighted composite quantile regression (CQR) method for estimation of a linear model when some covariates are missing at random and the probability for missingness mechanism can be modelled parametrically. By incorporating the unbiased estimating equations of incomplete data into empirical likelihood (EL), we obtain the EL-based weights, and then re-adjust the inverse probability weighted CQR for estimating the vector of regression coefficients. Theoretical results show that the proposed method can achieve semiparametric efficiency if the selection probability function is correctly specified, therefore the EL weighted CQR is more efficient than the inverse probability weighted CQR. Besides, our algorithm is computationally simple and easy to implement. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures. Finally, we apply the new method to analyse the US news College data.     

Using the dependent wild bootstrap for the nonparametric goodness-of-fit test for density functions

In this paper, we consider the well-known nonparametric consistent model-specification test for the stationary density function (see [Aït-Sahalia Y. Testing continuous-time models of the spot interest rate. Rev Financ Stud. 1996;9:385–426; Li Q. Nonparametric testing of closeness between two unknown distribution functions. Econ Rev. 1996;15:261–274; Fan Y, Ullah A. On goodness-of-fit tests for weakly dependent processes using kernel method. J Nonparametric Stat. 2000;11:337–360]) and reinvestigate it carefully using asymptotics and simulation. Our work reveals that the test is subject to power and size distortions, which are mainly caused by dependence or convergence rate changes under the null and alternative hypothesis. A dependent wild bootstrap is newly suggested as a feasible remedy to such distortions. Our result provides a complete explanation as well as a solution to the problem that experienced by Aït-Sahalia [Testing continuous-time models of the spot interest rate. Rev Financ Stud. 1996;9:385–426], that is, that the test rejects true models too often when independent and identically distributed asymptotic critical values are used.     

A Novel Particle Filter Aided by Interval Analysis Approach

This paper addresses the issue of state estimation in nonlinear systems in the presence of non-Gaussian and bounded noises, under which the interval analysis based estimation is introduced as an auxiliary approach of generic particle filter (PF). This yields the so-called Set-Membership aided particle filter (SMPF). Unlike the mature alternatives of generic particle filter, the proposal distribution of SMPF approximates the posterior probability density function (PDF), not only on the numerical value but also on the definition-domain, and the performance analysis on the proposed alternative is proven through detailed formulations. In addition, contrasting simulations under SMPF and other mature alternatives also validate the effectiveness of SMPF.     

Variance reduction for kernel estimators in clustered/longitudinal data analysis

We develop a variance reduction method for the seemingly unrelated (SUR) kernel estimator of Wang (2003). We show that the quadratic interpolation method introduced in Cheng et al. (2007) works for the SUR kernel estimator. For a given point of estimation, Cheng et al. (2007) define a variance reduced local linear estimate as a linear combination of classical estimates at three nearby points. We develop an analogous variance reduction method for SUR kernel estimators in clustered/longitudinal models and perform simulation studies which demonstrate the efficacy of our variance reduction method in finite sample settings.     

断裂与更替:普及时期村规民约的法治化

村规民约进入普及化新时期后,日益突出的授权性、法定性特征使其在外延、属性和适用等方面与历史上的村规民约出现了一定的断裂,面临着国家意志过度注入、文本内容形式化、规范结构不完整、适用场域空心化等新问题.法学理论和制度建设需要与时俱进地更替,特别是协调好授权性与合意性之间的关系,在时机成熟时制定村规民约立法,将间接的仲裁介入作为国家调控村规民约的主要方式,完善村规民约的规范结构,创新村规民约工作机制,在与自治、德治的融合中寻找法治化的路径.     

Regression Analysis of Length‐biased and Right‐censored Failure Time Data with Missing Covariates

Length‐biased and right‐censored failure time data arise from many fields, and their analysis has recently attracted a great deal of attention. Two examples of the areas that often produce such data are epidemiological studies and cancer screening trials. In this paper, we discuss regression analysis of such data in the presence of missing covariates, for which no established inference procedure seems to exist. For the problem, we consider the data arising from the proportional hazards model and propose two inverse probability weighted estimation procedures. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established, and the extensive simulation study conducted for the evaluation of the proposed methods suggests that they work well for practical situations.     

制造业企业产品创新与工艺创新协同发展博弈分析

对制造业企业内部协同创新即企业产品创新部门产品创新与工艺创新部门工艺创新的协同发展进行了博弈分析,研究了产品创新部门与工艺创新部门在有限的创新投入情况下,产品创新与工艺创新投入比例应满足的条件。同时,对制造业企业外部协同创新即同行业中的两个制造业企业的产品创新与工艺创新的协同发展进行了博弈分析,研究了古诺条件下制造业企业在进行产品创新、进行工艺创新以及同时进行产品创新和工艺创新三种情况下,制造业企业产品创新成本函数、工艺创新成本函数应满足的条件,以及制造业企业如何进行产品创新和工艺创新协同策略选择。     

基于最小误判率的企业社会责任重叠实证研究——以我国煤炭企业为例

目前学界的研究已经从讨论企业为什么要履行社会责任(CSR)逐步转变为探讨如何履行CSR。本文从这个方向出发,在CSR评价研究以及借鉴其它学科研究的方法基础之上,创新性地提出了CSR重叠的概念。提出了以最小误判率为内核、多重比较为补充的CSR重叠测评方法架构并对CSR重叠进行了实证研究,结果显示该方法能够清晰的解读CSR重叠背后的因素,从而为如何履行CSR提供决策依据。     

C2C中产品浏览量和销量影响因素的对比研究

产品浏览量和销量决定了网上店铺能否在竞争中取胜.基于中国某大型C2C交易平台,选择化妆品品类中销量最高的10个产品为研究对象;对于每个产品,随机选取交易平台上销售该产品的一部分店铺为样本,并记录产品在每个店铺中的浏览量和销量以及店铺和产品的特征;分别用泊松模型和零膨胀的泊松模型对浏览量和销量进行建模,为了保证参数的可比性,在两个模型中采用相同的自变量,通过贝叶斯方法估计模型的参数.研究结果表明,影响浏览量和销量的因素有很大不同,产品价格、店铺规模(即店铺产品数)、店铺信誉和店铺保障等对浏览量和销量的影响差异较大,为已有研究将网络消费者分为浏览者和购买者提供进一步的理论支持和印证.