Subjective variables in demography

The application of the subjective variable to research on attitudes toward fertility in Poland is considered. The variable concerns the determination of ideal family size and attitudes toward having more children. The author shows how an ex post facto variable was constructed, describing positive, negative, and neutral feelings toward fertility during the course of a study on attitudes toward procreation.     

Child health,breast-feeding,and survival in Malaysia: a random-effects logit approach

This study examines the possibility that estimation of the effect of breast-feeding on infant survival is affected by selection bias, in that children who are healthier at birth may be more likely to be breast-fed. Data are from the 1976 Malaysian Family Life Survey. "Ordinary logit models for breast-feeding and survival are estimated, and the results suggest that selection is indeed present. For example, children of higher birth weight appear to be more likely to be breast-fed and likely to survive. In addition, weight at birth and the duration of breast-feeding appear to be linked." Using birth weight as an indicator for the child's health, the authors conclude that "the direct influence of breast-feeding on survival remains of overwhelming importance even after corrections for selection bias are made."     

The employment effects of immigration: a balance sheet approach

The impact of immigration on unemployment in Canada is examined for the period 1983-1985. The authors attempt to construct a balance sheet of immigration in terms of labor supply and demand. They conclude that immigrants create more jobs than they fill, and that their net effect on the employment situation is positive. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

New sources on the demographic history of the Southern Andes (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries)

The author describes and evaluates some little-known sources of data on the Southern Andes for the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century.     

人的社会本质及其自然生物存在、个体与历史发展

不言而喻,研究人的前景,不可能不分析人的本质.所以,必须由之开始的第一件事,就是试着回答"什么是人"的问题.这真是个"永恒的"问题,它贯穿整个哲学史,在现代关于人及其未来的争论中也是一个中心问题.在对人的本质进行认识的历史上,已经取得了一些决定性的成果.在对科学、人类精神文化、人类社会经验加以发展的新阶段     

Recent migrations from Morocco to Spain

"This study addressed the problem of the Moroccan immigration into Spain within the context of South-North movements, focusing on analyzing provisional data from the last immigrant regularization in the country completed during the end months of 1991."     

Practicing managed care in the academic medical center

The purpose of this article is to outline the contrasts between the traditional AMC and an organization oriented toward the delivery of population-based managed care. Academic medical centers differ from one another considerably in the extent to which they serve as quaternary care community resources, the degree to which they emphasize primary care in training and care delivery, and the amount of research undertaken. Nor is there a single organizational structure for managed care; successful managed care is practices in IPAs, multispecialty groups, PHOs, and staff-model HMOs. Nonetheless, the contrasts outlined here between AMCs and managed care organizations (MCOs) are valid in most cases.     

The implementation of the healthy cities project in developing countries: lessons from Chittagong

The Chittagong Healthy City Project was carried out in late 1994 in Chittagong, Bangladesh. This paper presents findings of an evaluation of the project based upon internationally generated process indicators related to the institutional aspects of the project. The following issues are discussed with regard to project implementation: the institutional organization of local authorities, institutions' conceptual understanding of the project, formal insertion of the project into public authorities' activities, institutional leadership of the project, central-local relations, the lack of interministerial coordination, the project's office, international projects, and community organization. Giving consideration to these issues may help program planners detect problems in forthcoming projects prior to their implementation.     

Implementation and process evaluation of a student "school-as-community" group. A component of a school-based drug abuse prevention program

Little documentation exists regarding the functioning of formalized adolescent groups as drug abuse prevention agents. Two studies are described that were conducted at high schools whose students are at high risk for drug abuse. Twenty-one schools were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) standard care, (b) classroom drug abuse education only, or (c) classroom plus school-as-community. Results of the first study indicated that the school-as-community component--which involved weekly meetings and periodic events at seven schools--was implemented as planned, drug abused focused, and perceived as productive in discouraging drug abuse. In the second study, staff in the classroom plus school-as-community condition self-reported involvement in the greatest number of community activities across the school year, compared with staff from the other two conditions. These two studies support the feasibility of formalized groups of high-risk youth to promote drug-free events.