社会科学情报工作经验的总结——介绍一本关于社会科学文摘的论文集

在社会主义社会中,社会科学是认识经济、社会和精神过程的工具,是掌握这些过程的理论基础。要对社会科学家提供情况保障,任务是非常繁重的。这一情况取决于具有鲜明阶级性的社会科学本身的特点,在很大程度上也取决于著作量庞大、存在着语言障碍等因素。近年来,学术界对社会科学领域的情报理论和实践问题开展了广泛的研究,但是问题远未解决。因此,编制社会科学文摘论文     

城乡差别分类及其消除的途径和阶段

在苏联社会中,消除城乡间的社会差别是纲领性的任务。许多科学著作分析了解决这一任务的途径,但目前尚无对城乡差别的一致公认的分类。我们认为,必须作出这样的分析:一方面,城市和乡村的本质特点,会在一个不确定的时期中长久保持着;另一方面,历史上形成的农村与城市的差别,是可以消除的。受历史制约的农村不同于城市的特点,可以分为四大类。第一类与劳动和生产的法律、经济和社会的条件有关;第二类与特有的地区活动组织有关;第三类与居民的生活水平和生活方式差别有关;第     

六十年来苏联人口的动态与结构

1922年苏联的总人口为1.36亿,现在已增加到2.7亿左右,居世界第三位。增加人口,是苏联社会经济一般发展过程的要素之一。由于实行了工业化、国民经济技术改造和农业集体化等政策,劳动人民的生活得到了根本的改善。经济指标的增长速度大大超过了人口的增长速度。1950—1980年间,人口约增长了0.5倍,而社会总产值增长了5倍多,工业总产值增长了8倍,农业总产值增长了2.3倍。这一时期的肉和脂肪的人均年消费量从26     

在燕麦芽鞘组织中色氨酸和吲哚酮精到吲哚乙酸的转变

作者以前已經指出在西瓜切片中不同之吲哚类化合物出現在放射性色氨酸轉变为吲哚乙酸的过程中。作者又进一步实验指出在燕麦芽鞘組織中用此同样化合物进行同样之轉变实验發現主要放射性化合物为吲哚丙酮酸(Iudolepyruvicacid)吲哚酮精(Indoleacetonitrile)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)。該实驗結果证明吲哚酮精之前体为吲哚乙醛(Indoleacetalhyde)以及在此反应中之可能     

Comparing sexual behavioral patterns between two bathhouses: implications for HIV prevention intervention policy

There is a glaring lack of data to inform culturally appropriate HIV prevention interventions targeting environments such as bathhouses where men who have sex with men (MSM) practice sexual risk behaviors. This study compares sexual behavioral patterns across two bathhouse sites in order to identify important themes to address when tailoring HIV prevention interventions to bathhouse environments. We analyzed semi-structured interviews with workers and patrons at two bathhouses to explore similarities and differences. A coding scheme was established and data were organized according to conceptual themes. We found that differences between the two sites emerged in six key areas: bathhouse clientele, attraction to particular sites, sexual practices and condom use, communication about sex and HIV status, bathhouse rules, and substance use. Implications for HIV prevention intervention policy are discussed.     

Recalling sexual behavior: a methodological analysis of memory recall bias via interview using the diary as the gold standard

This study examined the effect of time lag on the validity of retrospective self-reports of sexual behavior. Seventy-five heterosexual students (44 women, 31 men) made daily recordings of sexual behavior, condom use, and alcohol or substance use for 1 month. Ability of respondents to recall sexual behavior recorded during this period was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 months after diary completion using recall interviews (25 interviewed at each interval). For vaginal intercourse, total recall error was significantly greater at 3 months than at 1 month post-diary. For all other variables assessed, the 2- and 3-month time intervals did not produce significant increase in total recall error. Higher frequency of vaginal intercourse, orgasm, and alcohol use prior to sexual activity were associated with total recall error for some but not all behaviors and outcomes. The results provide a partial validation of the diary-interview recall model as a method for studying recall error.     

Educational experiences and aspirations of older youth in foster care

This study documents the school experiences of 262 youth referred for independent-living preparation from the foster care system of one midwestern U.S. county. Of the youth, 73% had been suspended at least once since the seventh grade, and 16% had been expelled. In the past year, 58% had failed a class, and 29% had physical fights with students. Yet the group reported high educational aspirations: 70% wanted to attend college. Those in congregate care and family settings often had school behavior problems. The results support the need for a system of education advocates who work to maintain proper education placements for youth in foster care and help them receive the academic resources they need to graduate from high school and proceed to college.     

Signs of change in Turkey's working class: workers' age-related perceptions in the modern manufacturing sector

This paper explores the possible effects of the increasing exposure to modernity on younger workers in some sectors of developing countries with special reference to those employed in advanced manufacturing in Turkey. In recent decades Turkey has undergone considerable urbanization, improvements in literacy and rising levels of formal education. The paper systematically examines differences in the work-related attitudes and expectations, commitment and aspirations of younger and older workers, who have been exposed to these processes to different degrees. It is broadly confirmed that younger workers have higher expectations and aspirations that make them relatively less satisfied with a number of aspects of their work and which are likely to make for a less committed more critical workforce.     

Erotic arguments and persuasive acts: discourses of desire and the rhetoric of female-to-male drag

This chapter analyzes the October 21, 2000 drag king performance by Mildred Gerestant, a.k.a. Dréd. Arguing that her act appropriates, embodies, and manipulates certain ideological discourses of desire and identity, the article studies the shape and force of Dréd's performative arguments and illuminates how a drag king act can not only tease and titillate the addressed audience (the actual people who watched the show) but also hail the invoked audience (the audience called upon, imagined, or made possible by the performance). Arguing that, as a rhetorical act, Dréd's performance offers a purposeful discourse about gender, race, and power, this chapter ultimately explores how a rhetorical analysis of FTM drag elucidates the complex relationship between the rhetor, performance, and audience. More specifically, it shows how a rhetor's performance of non-normative identity and engagement with discourses of desire has the potential to unmask the hegemonic effects of language and power and to unsuture the seemingly natural connections between sex and gender.