Parents' supportive reactions to sexual orientation disclosure associated with better health: results from a population-based survey of LGB adults in Massachusetts

This study investigated associations between coming out to parents, experiences of parental support, and self-reported health behaviors and conditions among a population-based sample of LGB individuals using data collected via the 2002 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS; N = 177). We explored the following two hypotheses: 1) Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals who had never disclosed their sexual orientation to a parent would report higher levels of risk behaviors and poorer health conditions than those who had come out; and 2) among LGB respondents who had come out to their parents, the individuals whose parents had reacted unsupportively would report higher levels of risk behaviors and poorer health conditions than those who had come out to parents who were supportive. Approximately two thirds of gay and bisexual (GB) males and lesbian and bisexual (LB) females reported receiving adequate social and emotional support from the parent to whom they first disclosed their sexual orientation. Among LB females, no disclosure of sexual orientation to a parent was associated with significantly elevated levels of past-month illicit drug use (AOR 12.16, 95% CI 2.87-51.54), fair or poor self-reported health status (AOR 5.71, 95% CI 1.45-22.51), and >15 days of depression in the past month (AOR 5.95, 95% CI 1.78-19.90), controlling for potential confounders. However, nondisclosure to a parent by GB males was not associated with greater odds of any of the health indicators assessed. Among GB males, those with unsupportive parents were significantly more likely to report current binge drinking (AOR 6.94, 95% CI 1.70-28.35) and >15 days depression in the past month (AOR 6.08, 95% CI 1.15-32.15), and among LB females, those with unsupportive parents were significantly more likely to report lifetime illicit drug use (AOR 11.43, 95% CI 2.50-52.30), and >15 days depression in the past month (AOR 5.51, 95% CI 1.36-22.36). We conclude that coming out may be associated with better health for LB women, and that parents who react nonsupportively when their children disclose LGB sexual orientation may contribute to children's increased odds of depression and hazardous substance use.     

德国的隐蔽穷人

德国没有法定“贫困线”,因此通常把领取社会救济金的资格标准视为“准官方贫困线”。某人收入若低于联邦社会救济法所定最低生活标准,即有权领取社会救济金。德国的贫困又分为“已克服的贫困”和“隐蔽的贫困”。前者包括根据联邦社会救济法有权并确已领取社会救济者,他们不再算穷人;相反,有权但实际并未领取社会救济者,才算穷人。之所以有这后一概念,一则因为这类穷人未反映在官方统计数字中,因而未受舆论重视;二则学术界对“隐蔽贫困”几乎毫无考察;三则当事者本人也往往认识不到自己有权领取社会救济。社会救济分为特殊生活情况救济和生…     

近年来关于考茨基的研究和著作评介

1988年是考茨基逝世50周年。考茨基的同时代人,无论是敌是友,都认为他是第二国际时期的一位最重要的马克思主义理论家。尽管后来他遭到许多非难,其中列宁对他的批判尤其具有生命力,但是他作为1914年以前德国和欧州工人运动中的“马克思的解释者”的地位是无可争辩的。他的权威和国际声誉首先是以他的多达1800个项目的著作为基础的。仅就他在1887年发表的介绍《资本论》的通俗著作《马克思的经济学说》来讲,德文本到1930年共出了25版,俄文译本前后共印了25万册。1930年苏联还出     

Gatekeeping in child welfare: a comparative study of intake decisionmaking by social workers in Canada and Sweden

This article details findings from social workers in Sweden and Canada, illuminating similarities and differences in gatekeeping in child welfare and child protection. Analysis revealed different patterns of inclusion and exclusion. Swedish child welfare includes a greater readiness to intervene with more resources and measures. Gatekeeping is assessment driven and focused on family preservation. In Canada, only the most needy children are eligible for a limited range of services. Gatekeeping is structure driven and narrowly focused on protection. Analyses of evidence-based research to improve outcomes for children and families must include comparisons of how different structural orientations influence management of referrals at intake. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.     

Limited relevance of the right not to know--reflections on a screening study

The right not to know personal health-related information has been included in prominent human rights documents and subsequently in national legislation since the middle of the 1990s. Apart from situations where another life is at stake, the right not to know has in these documents been formulated as if it should have precedence over other interests. This article argues against giving the right not to know such a prominent position. It does so by questioning the ethical relevance of the concept for both theoretical and empirical reasons. The main focus of the article is on empirical data from a prospective population screeningfor Type I diabetes. Data indicate that research participants are not as autonomous as is generally assumed by the defenders of the right not to know.     

Fertility and son preference in Korea

In Korea, total fertility declined from 6.0 in 1960 to 1.6 in 1990, in spite of a strong preference for male offspring. This paper addresses the notion that son preference hinders fertility decline, and examines the effects of patriarchal relations and modernization on fertility using the 1991 Korea National Fertility and Family Health Survey. It was found that women who have a son are less likely to have another child, and that women with a son who do progress to have another child, take longer to conceive the subsequent child. This pattern prevailed for women of parity one, two, and three, and became more pronounced with higher parity. A multivariate analysis showed that preference for male offspring, patriarchy, and modernization are all strong predictors of second, third, and fourth conceptions.     

Obscenity and homosexual depiction in Japan

This essay serves as an historical introduction to the problem of film censorship in Japan, a country which, despite an often liberal sexual history, continues to impose baffling and even irrational censorship standards on both its domestic and imported cinema. However, whereas sexual censorship in the West is often the result of religious dogmatism, Japanese film censorship may in fact revolve around political struggles whose import is not the censoring of offensiveness per se, but is rather authoritarianism's basic yet desperate desire to assert itself in an increasingly liberal political climate. Furthermore, Japanese censorship has had the unique side effect of creating safe spaces of sexual fantasy (for children, for example) that most countries, in what is in fact a greater form of censorship, refuse to create at all.     

经济民主的理论、策略和规划

由于老左派建立新经济体制和新社会制度的要求遭到失败,以及新左派时起时落的突发性的暴动终于寿终正寝,围绕经济危机问题而展开的讨论重新活跃起来.探索的题目是:如何按照民主原则改造经济.自从伯恩施坦把经济民主纳入社会民主党纲领和纳普塔利把它纳入工会纲领之内以来,经济民主问题就一直存在着.尽管它还是初步的,但一直见诸于工会和社会民主党的纲领里.     

无锡市1995～2003年卫生总费用分析及对策思考

文章采用筹资来源法收集了无锡市1995年至2003年卫生总费用相关数据,分析了无锡市卫生总费用的筹资规模和变化趋势,卫生总费用的筹资结构中政府、个人与社会的总体构成及变化趋势,其中着重分析了政府投入水平和个人医疗保健支出负担水平的变化趋势,并进行了地区比较。最后针对问题提出了相关的政策建议。