试论“钢琴即兴伴奏”课教学改革的路向

文章从关注中国传统音乐、把握时代特点以及与其它专业课程密切联系三个方面对"钢琴即兴伴奏"课程的教学改革进行了探讨,以期进一步丰富当前钢琴即兴伴奏课的教学内容,完善理论研究成果,更好地实现教学目标.     

水平井中砂泥岩互层的双侧向测井响应研究

摘要：针对砂泥岩互层的复杂测井环境,采用三维有限元数值模拟方法,计算了多层介质模型的水平井双侧向测井响应。结果表明,井眼半径、泥浆电阻率和围岩（砂岩、泥岩）的电阻率及侵入半径与电阻率对水平井双侧向测井响应都有不同程度的影响。在砂泥岩地层中,井眼尺寸越大,泥浆电阻率越高,对视电阻率的影响越严重;当目的层厚大于8 m 后,视电阻率受围岩（砂岩、泥岩）影响很小,基本上反映地层的真实电阻率,并且曲线变化规律大致相同,此时可近似为三层介质模型;对于低阻侵入,侵入越深,视电阻率越偏离真实地层电阻率。     

从“物质能量型”到“信息符号型”——论人类文化创造模式的符号化转换

与传统的"物质能量型"文化实践不同,人类文化创造方式在信息化、网络化时代呈现出一种符号化存在,即"信息符号型"文化实践.全球信息技术的符号化、虚拟化发展,为人类文化创造方式的创新提供了发展契机,同时,它使得人类相对独立、有效、全面地开展"信息符号型"文化实践成为可能."信息符号型"文化实践凸显了人类文化创造的符号特性,且越来越成为人类文化创造方式的必然选择,它代表着符号之于文化创造的普遍性和有效性的未来人类文化实践模式.     

究竟哪一个是社会历史发展的动力——对马克思主义动力论的逻辑考察

关于社会历史发展动力问题,有多种说法,如“生产力(社会基本矛盾运动)”、“阶级斗争(革命)”、“人民群众”、“历史合力”、“现实的人的需要(利益)”、“现实的人”、“创新”、“改革”等。就社会历史发展动力的表述,在马克思、恩格斯的著作中包含有七个层面——现实的人的需要是社会存在和发展的前提条件;实践是社会生活的本质体现;物质生产是社会存在和发展的基础;社会基本矛盾运动是历史规律性发展的根据;在阶级社会中,阶级斗争是历史发展的直接动力;人民群众是历史发展的主体动力;历史的“合力”构成社会发展的系统动力机制。马克思、恩格斯是在不同语境中,从不同层面上的问题出发作出的不同表述,彼此相通相融,不存在矛盾现象。实际上,马克思、恩格斯强调“生产力是社会历史发展的动力”,其“动力”是指客观现实性的、本原意义上的动力。当前,又有几种新提法,如“现实的人”、“现实的人的需要(利益)”、“创新”、“改革”、“新‘合力’动力论”等都是从不同角度提出来的,并非对“生产力”动力论的超越。     

民国的风俗变革与变革风俗

民国时期是时代大发展、社会大变革的时期 ,风俗的演进也进入到转型的阶段。风俗的全面变革促使了一系列变革风俗的产生。文章论述了当时风俗文化演进的三种趋势———对人的尊重、对迷信的涤荡以及政治因素的渗入 ,是民国风俗步入现代化进程的显著标志     

Mortality among elder abuse victims in rural Malaysia: A two-year population-based descriptive study

Our study aims at describing mortality among reported elder abuse experiences in rural Malaysia. This is a population-based cohort study with a multistage cluster sampling method. Older adults in Kuala Pilah (n = 1,927) were interviewed from November 2013 to May 2014. Mortality was traced after 2 years using the National Registration Department database. Overall, 139 (7.2%) respondents died. Fifteen (9.6%) abuse victims died compared to 124 (7.0%) not abused. Mortality was highest with financial abuse (13%), followed by psychological abuse (10.8%). There was a dose-response relationship between mortality and clustering of abuse: 7%, 7.7%, and 14.0% for no abuse, one type, and two types or more, respectively. Among abuse victims, 40% of deaths had ill-defined causes, 33% were respiratory-related, and 27% had cardiovascular and metabolic origin. Results suggest a link between abuse and mortality. Death proportions varied according to abuse subtypes and gender.     

A varying coefficient approach to estimating hedonic housing price functions and their quantiles

The varying coefficient (VC) model introduced by Hastie and Tibshirani [26 T. Hastie and R. Tibshirani, Varying-coefficient models, J. R. Statist. Soc. (Ser. B) 55 (1993), pp. 757–796.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] is arguably one of the most remarkable recent developments in nonparametric regression theory. The VC model is an extension of the ordinary regression model where the coefficients are allowed to vary as smooth functions of an effect modifier possibly different from the regressors. The VC model reduces the modelling bias with its unique structure while also avoiding the ‘curse of dimensionality’ problem. While the VC model has been applied widely in a variety of disciplines, its application in economics has been minimal. The central goal of this paper is to apply VC modelling to the estimation of a hedonic house price function using data from Hong Kong, one of the world's most buoyant real estate markets. We demonstrate the advantages of the VC approach over traditional parametric and semi-parametric regressions in the face of a large number of regressors. We further combine VC modelling with quantile regression to examine the heterogeneity of the marginal effects of attributes across the distribution of housing prices.     

Third-Person Effect,Religiosity and Support for Censorship of Satirical Religious Cartoons

The violent attack on the staff of Charlie Hebdo and an earlier plot to kill cartoonists from the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten raise the issue of censorship of satirical religious cartoons to avoid potential retaliatory violence from those offended by the cartoons. With third-person effect (TPE) as the theoretical underpinning, this study examined the relationship among TPE, religiosity, and support for censorship of religious satirical cartoons. Data were collected in May 2015. A national sample of participants (N=374) was acquired through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results show that individuals with a higher degree of religiosity are more likely to support censorship of satirical religious cartoons, and though TPE is not positively correlated to support for censorship, respondents’ perception of the effect of the cartoons on themselves may indicate an increased propensity for supporting censorship.     

The relationship between conflict events and commodity prices in Sudan

Though recent literature uncovers linkages between commodity prices and conflict, the causal direction of the relationship remains ambiguous. We attempt to contribute to this strand of research by studying the dynamic relationship of commodity prices and the onsets of conflict events in Sudan. Using monthly data ranging from January 2001 through December 2012, we identify a structural breakpoint in the multivariate time series model of prices of the three staple foods (sorghum, millet, and wheat) and conflict measure (number of conflict events) in September of 2011. Applying structural vector autoregression (SVAR) and linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM), we find that wheat price fluctuation is a root cause of conflict events in Sudan. We recommend several policy and programmatic suggestions structured toward production, subsidy, price regulation and support for rural farmers and consumers to stabilize commodity prices.     

Child‐caregiver Attachment Representations in a Non‐Western Context: The Feasibility and Cultural Equivalence of Story Stems in Urban Ghana

Story stem measures are an increasingly popular method for assessing the attachment representations of young children, but little is known of their cross‐cultural applicability. This study aimed to characterise the attachment representations in 73 five‐ to eight‐year‐old children in urban Ghana, West Africa, using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) to test its feasibility, psychometric characteristics and concurrent associations with caregiver‐ and teacher‐rated child behaviour, and to conduct a qualitative thematic analysis of methodological observations. Among the classifiable cases (92 percent), all attachment classifications were observed, yielding a higher rate of secure attachment than in European samples. Inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, and internal structure were reasonable and largely similar to European studies, although one structural difference was the separation of ‘child assuagement of distress’ from other secure‐related items. MCAST narratives were associated with teacher‐ and caregiver‐rated hyperactivity, but internal consistency was low in most Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scales. Possible culturally‐sensitive explanations for our psychometric and qualitative findings are discussed. Overall, story stems are a promising tool for accessing attachment representations in non‐Western samples, although modifications are likely to improve cross‐cultural equivalence when applied to non‐Western cultures. Further investigation is needed to link MCAST outcomes to parenting and socio‐emotional development.