“弹性结构”与民国江西乡村改良运动的失效

在红军主力被迫长征、撤离江西后,为了争夺民心,巩固统治,国民党在江西发起了一场大规模的农村现代化改良运动.运动原定时限是1936年底,然而,此时江西农村依然贫穷落后,花了大量人力、物力、财力和精力的江西农村改良运动,却收效甚微,江西农村毫无复兴迹象.出现这种结局的根本原因,就在于传统乡村社会存在着不易改变的"弹性结构",这种结构就像一张巨型的"弹性之网",它可以在很大的程度上消减农村社会改良的绩效.     

论历史调节机制

法、政治、道德、艺术、宗教等最基本的历史调节机制,作为人类生存的基本需要,构成人类历史得以维系、延续和发展的永恒纽带和基础。当然,法、政治、道德、艺术、宗教的调节,在构建和谐社会中都不可能是单独起作用的,必须综合运用上述历史调节机制,以促进社会的和谐发展。     

谈汉英实用翻译技巧

本文从翻译实践出发 ,就实用翻译技巧作了论述 ,认为翻译的基础是理解 ,在选词、造句时应避免对号入座。     

Mortality among elder abuse victims in rural Malaysia: A two-year population-based descriptive study

Our study aims at describing mortality among reported elder abuse experiences in rural Malaysia. This is a population-based cohort study with a multistage cluster sampling method. Older adults in Kuala Pilah (n = 1,927) were interviewed from November 2013 to May 2014. Mortality was traced after 2 years using the National Registration Department database. Overall, 139 (7.2%) respondents died. Fifteen (9.6%) abuse victims died compared to 124 (7.0%) not abused. Mortality was highest with financial abuse (13%), followed by psychological abuse (10.8%). There was a dose-response relationship between mortality and clustering of abuse: 7%, 7.7%, and 14.0% for no abuse, one type, and two types or more, respectively. Among abuse victims, 40% of deaths had ill-defined causes, 33% were respiratory-related, and 27% had cardiovascular and metabolic origin. Results suggest a link between abuse and mortality. Death proportions varied according to abuse subtypes and gender.     

A varying coefficient approach to estimating hedonic housing price functions and their quantiles

The varying coefficient (VC) model introduced by Hastie and Tibshirani [26 T. Hastie and R. Tibshirani, Varying-coefficient models, J. R. Statist. Soc. (Ser. B) 55 (1993), pp. 757–796.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] is arguably one of the most remarkable recent developments in nonparametric regression theory. The VC model is an extension of the ordinary regression model where the coefficients are allowed to vary as smooth functions of an effect modifier possibly different from the regressors. The VC model reduces the modelling bias with its unique structure while also avoiding the ‘curse of dimensionality’ problem. While the VC model has been applied widely in a variety of disciplines, its application in economics has been minimal. The central goal of this paper is to apply VC modelling to the estimation of a hedonic house price function using data from Hong Kong, one of the world's most buoyant real estate markets. We demonstrate the advantages of the VC approach over traditional parametric and semi-parametric regressions in the face of a large number of regressors. We further combine VC modelling with quantile regression to examine the heterogeneity of the marginal effects of attributes across the distribution of housing prices.     

Third-Person Effect,Religiosity and Support for Censorship of Satirical Religious Cartoons

The violent attack on the staff of Charlie Hebdo and an earlier plot to kill cartoonists from the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten raise the issue of censorship of satirical religious cartoons to avoid potential retaliatory violence from those offended by the cartoons. With third-person effect (TPE) as the theoretical underpinning, this study examined the relationship among TPE, religiosity, and support for censorship of religious satirical cartoons. Data were collected in May 2015. A national sample of participants (N=374) was acquired through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results show that individuals with a higher degree of religiosity are more likely to support censorship of satirical religious cartoons, and though TPE is not positively correlated to support for censorship, respondents’ perception of the effect of the cartoons on themselves may indicate an increased propensity for supporting censorship.     

A Comparative Study of Compromise and Toleration in the View of Political Civilization

Compromise and toleration as the positive results of human political knowledge and practice,are gradually confirmed and integrated into the realities of the social-political life,becoming the inherent requirements,measuring standards and explicit charaterizations of modern political civilization.Compromise and toleration commonly confirm and promote the progress and upgrade of human political civilization from different angles and levels.     

Child‐caregiver Attachment Representations in a Non‐Western Context: The Feasibility and Cultural Equivalence of Story Stems in Urban Ghana

Story stem measures are an increasingly popular method for assessing the attachment representations of young children, but little is known of their cross‐cultural applicability. This study aimed to characterise the attachment representations in 73 five‐ to eight‐year‐old children in urban Ghana, West Africa, using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) to test its feasibility, psychometric characteristics and concurrent associations with caregiver‐ and teacher‐rated child behaviour, and to conduct a qualitative thematic analysis of methodological observations. Among the classifiable cases (92 percent), all attachment classifications were observed, yielding a higher rate of secure attachment than in European samples. Inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, and internal structure were reasonable and largely similar to European studies, although one structural difference was the separation of ‘child assuagement of distress’ from other secure‐related items. MCAST narratives were associated with teacher‐ and caregiver‐rated hyperactivity, but internal consistency was low in most Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scales. Possible culturally‐sensitive explanations for our psychometric and qualitative findings are discussed. Overall, story stems are a promising tool for accessing attachment representations in non‐Western samples, although modifications are likely to improve cross‐cultural equivalence when applied to non‐Western cultures. Further investigation is needed to link MCAST outcomes to parenting and socio‐emotional development.     

试论建立和实施党内罢免或撤换制度

党内民主是党的生命。罢免或撤换制度是全面实现党员权利,改革党内选举制度,进一步强化党内监督的一项重要制度。随着党内民主改革的不断发展,党内制度建设的不断加强,建立和实施党内罢免或撤换制度已势在必行。就当前党内民主发展现状看,建立和实施党内罢免或撤换制度,还面临着民主发育尚不完全成熟、配套的制度改革尚未到位、党员权利保障机制仍不够完善等一系列问题。因此,必须坚持以改革的精神,积极进行党的代表大会常任制的试点探索,自上而下地稳步推进党内罢免或撤换制度建设。     

医学生临床阶段素质教育几点措施

素质教育已成为当前我国高等医学教育的重要内容,提高医学生素质刻不容缓。医学生临床教育阶段是素质教育的关键阶段,要围绕素质教育,在思想政治教育、医学课程、教学方式方法、教学条件、教师队伍建设等方面深入进行改革,端正临床教育方向。