中国人口学会第七届会员代表大会暨第九次全国人口科学讨论会综述及学会领导机构名单

2007年12月28～29日,中国人口学会第七届会员代表大会暨第九次全国人口科学讨论会在北京中苑宾馆隆重开幕.参加会议的有第九届全国人大常委会副委员长、中国人口学会第六届会长彭佩云,国家人口计生委主任张维庆,国家人口计生委党组书记、副主任李斌,副主任王培安以及各地人口学会的代表.会议主要由三部分组成:开幕式,学术研讨会和换届选举.大会结束后,第七届学会常务理事会举行了第一次会议.     

发挥计生优势 推进电子健康

健康是关系人民福祉与国家可持续发展的一个重要公共议题,也是中国人口发展战略的一个重要组成部分。健康永远是人的最基本需求之一,也是人实现全面发展的重要基础。全民健康水平在很大程度上决定着一个国家的人口素质,它既是人口发展的重要基础,也是一个国家经济社会政治文化发展的重要测度指标之一。健康不仅仅是生理问题,也是心理问题、精神问题、情感问题、生活习惯与行为方式问题;健康也不仅仅是个体问题,也是家庭问题、代际问题、社会问题;健康更不仅仅是单纯的医学问题,它与人口发展、社会管理、技术进步、     

第一代独生子女婚后居住模式——基于江苏省的经验研究

二十世纪七、八十年代出生的第一代独生子女正处在婚育阶段,与此同时,他们的父母也在逐渐步人老年。文章利用2007年江苏生育调查数据,从代际关系角度考察了第一代独生子女的婚后居住模式及影响因素,结果表明：子代需要亲代帮助照料年幼孙代的需求、亲代需要子代提供照料的需求显著提高了独生子女婚后与父母同住的可能性,代际交换关系显著影响了居住模式;与非独生子女家庭相比,独生子女家庭更可能与夫妻一方或双方父母同住;城市独生子女比农村独生子女更可能婚后与父母同住：独生子女的性别属性对居住模式有显著影响,独生子与自己父母同住的比例明显大于独生女同她们的父母同住的比例。     

中国行业工资差距的演化与特征

文章采用多种不平等指数,从静态和动态两方面分析了1983～2010年中国行业工资差距的演化与特征。无论是用基尼系数、泰尔指数还是阿特金森指数计算的行业工资差距均表明,中国行业工资差距在20世纪80年代呈下降趋势,并于1988年达到最低点,之后开始持续上升至今。行业工资分布的演化表明,中国行业工资呈现出高者愈高、低者愈低的行业"马太效应"。基于广义基尼系数的行业工资差距变化分解结果表明,20世纪80年代的行业工资增长更多地集中于低工资行业,90年代以后的行业工资增长更多地集中于高工资行业。基于行业工资转换矩阵和流动性指数的测算结果表明,在考察期内,中国行业工资流动性越来越弱,只有在1983～1992年的行业工资流动性才是社会合意的,其他时期的行业工资流动性过低。     

法国的国际人才竞争战略

法国不会根据国籍、种族和宗教信仰等标准选择移民,不会按国家分配名额,筛选移民最主要的标准是法国各行各业的实际需要。     

保障房市场与商品房市场关系研究

保障房和商品房在本质上是差异化产品,两者在对应的需求层次、房屋的品质、价格、供给和渠道等方面都存在着巨大的差别。自我国房地产市场化以来,商品房就始终处于市场独大的局面,但随着近年来我国政府加大了对楼市的调控、加快了保障房建设的步伐,房地产市场已朝着保障房市场和商品房市场并重的＂双轨制＂迈进。然而,保障房的大规模兴建和投放市场会对商品房市场乃至整个中国楼市产生什么影响,以及保障房供给体系在运行与管理过程中存在什么问题,目前尚不确定。为此,有必要对其深入分析并寻找对策。     

The maximum loading and the optimum number of vehicles in a double-loop of an interbay material handling system

In this paper, the loading analysis of an automated double-loop interbay material handling system (AMHS) in a wafer fabrication was analysed, considering the effects of the vehicle numbers in the inner and outer loops. Discrete-event simulation models were developed in e-M Plant to study this AMHS system with a zone control scheme to avoid any vehicle collision. The layout of an interbay system is a combination configuration in which the hallway contains double loops and the vehicles have double capacity. The combination of the shortest distance with nearest vehicle (SD–NV) and the first-encounter-first-served (FEFS) dispatching rule was used in this study. The maximum loading of this interbay system can be determined by the simulation approach. We also found that the number of vehicles in the inner and outer loops can significantly affect the interbay performance. Furthermore, the optimum combination of the vehicle numbers in the inner and outer loops can be obtained by response surface methodology.     

Efficient composite heuristics for total flowtime minimization in permutation flow shops

In this paper, permutation flow shops with total flowtime minimization are considered. General flowtime computing (GFC) is presented to accelerate flowtime computation. A newly generated schedule is divided into an unchanged subsequence and a changed part. GFC computes total flowtime of a schedule by inheriting temporal parameters from its parent in the unchanged part and computes only those of the changed part. Iterative methods and LR (developed by Liu J, Reeves, CR. Constructive and composite heuristic solutions to theP∥Σ_Ci$P\parallel \Sigma C_i$ scheduling problem, European Journal of Operational Research 2001; 132:439–52) are evaluated and compared as solution improvement phase and index development phase. Three composite heuristics are proposed in this paper by integrating forward pair-wise exchange-restart (FPE-R) and FPE with an effective iterative method. Computational results show that the proposed three outperform the best existing three composite heuristics in effectiveness and two of them are much faster than the existing ones.     

Packing of Unequal Spheres and Automated Radiosurgical Treatment Planning

We study an optimization problem of packing unequal spheres into a three-dimensional (3D) bounded region in connection with radiosurgical treatment planning. Given an input (R, V, S, L), where R is a 3D bounded region, V a positive integer, S a multiset of spheres, and L a location constraint on spheres, we want to find a packing of R using the minimum number of spheres in S such that the covered volume is at least V; the location constraint L is satisfied; and the number of points on the boundary of R that are touched by spheres is maximized. Such a packing arrangement corresponds to an optimal radiosurgical treatment planning. Finding an optimal solution to the problem, however, is computationally intractable. In particular, we show that this optimization problem and several related problems are NP-hard. Hence, some form of approximations is needed. One approach is to consider a simplified problem under the assumption that spheres of arbitrary (integral) diameters are available with unlimited supply, and there are no location constraints. This approach has met with certain success in medical applications using a dynamic programming algorithm (Bourland and Wu, 1996; Wu, 1996). We propose in this paper an improvement to the algorithm that can greatly reduce its computation cost.     

差序格局下绩效评价公平与员工绩效关系研究

运用参照认知理论,探讨差序格局下员工绩效评价公平感知对工作绩效的特殊作用机理。以本土企业39个工作组274名员工为研究对象,结合个体感知差异和组织差序氛围两个层面的影响因素,运用线性阶层模型检验二者跨层次交互作用对员工绩效的影响,同时对组织为削弱偏私主义而强化绩效评价公平的努力效果进行检验。研究结果表明,与西方经典理论不同的是,绩效评价公平感知正向影响任务绩效仅在低差序氛围下才显著,因而淡化差序氛围的影响、降低主管在绩效评价中的主导权有助于提升公平感知对任务绩效的预测力;正规化与程序公平、分配公平的交互作用对任务绩效有负向影响,揭示出绩效评价的本土实践存在一个公平悖论,即不实行刚性化评价难以消除黑箱操作,而实行刚性化评价又容易落入买椟还珠陷阱;正规化与互动公平的交互作用对任务绩效有正向影响,说明注重情理交融、增强规则的张力有助于提高绩效评价的有效性。