Bayesian t-tests for correlations and partial correlations

In this paper, we develop Bayes factor based testing procedures for the presence of a correlation or a partial correlation. The proposed Bayesian tests are obtained by restricting the class of the alternative hypotheses to maximize the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the Bayes factor is larger than a specified threshold. It turns out that they depend simply on the frequentist t-statistics with the associated critical values and can thus be easily calculated by using a spreadsheet in Excel and in fact by just adding one more step after one has performed the frequentist correlation tests. In addition, they are able to yield an identical decision with the frequentist paradigm, provided that the evidence threshold of the Bayesian tests is determined by the significance level of the frequentist paradigm. We illustrate the performance of the proposed procedures through simulated and real-data examples.     

和谐社会视野下高校德育价值

高校德育价值是德育在高校育人的实践活动中所呈现出的一种功能性属性,是德育的结果对社会和大学生全面和谐发展的满足。高校德育具有观念导向价值、规范秩序价值、心理协调价值、精神动力价值。要实现高校德育价值必须注重德育内容的现实性,提高德育过程的有效性,优化德育环境的持续性。     

对波兰共产党处理宗教问题的几点思考

长期以来,波兰统一工人党在宗教政策上出现了一系列的严重失误:党内宗教问题指导思想不明确,宗教政策缺乏稳定性、连续性,主动放弃领导地位.处理宗教问题不当,是波兰统一工人党失去政权的原因之一.     

浅析消费社会的异化

消费社会的异化表现为商品使用价值背离,消费价值衰减;由理性消费走向感性消费;炫耀性消费盛行等。消费社会的异化是对可持续发展观的背离,必然引发资源和环境危机。为了消除危机,要合理消费,控制消费主义,最终达到根除消费社会异化的目的。     

西方理性主义及其现代命运

西方文化在本质上是理性主义文化,即以“逻各斯”精神和“努斯”精神的对立为重要规定的文化,现代人本主义、科学主义和马克思主义思潮就是对这一文化及其矛盾的现代理论表征、反思和批判。现代人本主义批判传统理性主义的“逻各斯”精神,要求理性回归人的生活,以丰富的人性取代“冷酷的理性”;现代科学主义则批判传统理性的“努斯”精神,要求理性回归经验世界,以谦虚的理性取代“狂妄的理性”;马克思主义思潮从总体性的实践活动出发,对传统理性主义和资本主义制度进行了系统、深入的分析和批判。     

Household Assets,the Role of Government Assistance,and Depression Among Low-Income Families in Shanghai

As China’s economy is rapidly changing from a planned to a capitalist economy, many families find themselves financially struggling. In some cases, conflicting values and attitudes may contribute to mental health challenges such as depression that would lead to further feelings of helplessness and immobilization. Using a random sample of 1006 low-income households from Pudong District of Shanghai, China, this study aims to examine the relationships between household assets, beliefs about government as the primary way to improve economic circumstances and self-reported depressive symptoms. In addition, this study investigates the mediation effects of beliefs that government is the best change agent for improved life circumstances on the relationship between household assets and depression. We found those who indicated that government was the main means for attaining a better life had significantly higher depression levels whereas higher numbers of household assets were associated with lower depression levels. We also found that viewing government as the most important change agent only partially mediated the relationship between household assets and depression (p?<?.001). Findings from this study support anti-poverty policies and social work related practice initiatives aimed at assisting low income families in China, in particular the need to address psychological as well as economic needs.

     

可持续生计视角下"参与式"反贫困路径探索

中国扶贫实践中出现的"贫困户生计能力提升不足"倾向源于可持续生计框架与现代贫困观念之间的冲突,而"社会参与"则为解决冲突提供了一种可能。2020年后,面对新的贫困现象和贫困结构,"参与式"反贫困理念能够通过社会参与链接可持续生计框架和现代贫困观念,在贫困治理过程中充分体现贫困者的参与性,形成主体意识和责任意识,提升个体或家庭改善生计系统的能力,使其摆脱困境、规避陷入贫困的风险,进而形成权利-义务相平衡、对城市和农村具有包容性、常态化、可持续的贫困治理策略,使全体社会成员实现不虞匮乏的生活。     

中日关系史与经济史研究领域的新探——《日本工商资本与近代山东》评介

在不同的历史时空视野下,研究对象所具有的典型性及其意义,为我们认识和把握历史的基本特征提供了可能.近代山东是日本经济势力对华扩张的重要地区,其中若干历史过程、事件及问题在近代日本侵华史上具有一定的代表性和典型性.从这一意义上说,日本工商资本与近代山东的关系是近代中日关系史、经济史的重要组成部分.由于这种关系形成于殖民化与现代化的双重历史背景之下,是近代日本对华殖民经济扩张的产物,因而对于研究近代日本对华经济扩张、认识区域社会经济嬗变特点具有重要的学术意义和理论价值.