Area Social Deprivation and Public Health: Analyzing the Spatial Non-stationary Associations Using Geographically Weighed Regression

The prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) worldwide poses an alarming threat to public health. Recent literature has embraced the opinion that incorporating the social factors should advance the understanding of NCDs prevalence. In this context, examining the NCDs prevalence in association with area social deprivation should provide critical implications for coping with public health risks. However, few empirical studies have examined this specific issue, especially in the developing countries. Using the principal component analysis, an area social deprivation index (ASDI) is established for the Shenzhen city (China) by integrating ten indicators from four dimensions: education, housing, socially disadvantaged population, and economically disadvantaged population. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) is employed to analyze the associations between ASDI and the incidence rate of three prevalent NCDs at district scale. Spatial non-stationary relationships are identified for the three diseases. More specifically, prevalence of the three diseases is all positively correlated with the ASDI. Strength of the associations presents the geography that it generally decreases from the central city to the suburb. These findings suggest that greater possibility of NCDs prevalence would be expected in districts with higher social deprivation. Besides, the impact of social deprivation on NCDs prevalence is much stronger in the central city. The spatial stationarity can facilitate the formulation of location-specific preventive measurements. This paper is believed to provide an innovative insight for social indicators research.     

中国农村劳动力转移与劳动收入份额变动研究

文章从农村劳动力转移的角度研究了中国劳动收入份额的变动问题,认为农村劳动力转移影响收入分配格局至少有两条途径:一是农村劳动力从劳动收入份额相对较高的农业部门转移到劳动收入份额较低的非农部门,将直接导致整个经济劳动收入份额的下降;二是农村劳动力转移会通过改变非农部门中资本和劳动的相对谈判能力来影响非农部门的收入分配格局,进而间接影响整个经济的要素收入分配格局。文章的研究结果表明,尽管农村劳动力转移与劳动收入份额下降之间有一定的必然联系,但现阶段仍可以通过调整国内的产业分布格局形成劳动力需求竞争态势、增加农村居民在第一产业的收入以提升保留工资、建立劳动力市场制度以协调谈判能力来逐步改变要素收入分配格局。     

T-optimal designs for multi-factor polynomial regression models via a semidefinite relaxation method

Statistics and Computing - We consider T-optimal experiment design problems for discriminating multi-factor polynomial regression models where the design space is defined by polynomial inequalities...     

Robustness properties of minimally‐supported Bayesian D‐optimal designs for heteroscedastic models

Bayesian D‐optimal designs supported on a fixed number of points were found by Dette & Wong (1998) for estimating parameters in a polynomial model when the error variance depends exponentially on the explanatory variable. The present authors provide optimal designs under a broader class of error variance structures and investigate the robustness properties of these designs to model and prior distribution assumptions. A comparison of the performance of the optimal designs relative to the popular uniform designs is also given. The authors' results suggest that Bayesian D‐optimal designs suported on a fixed number of points are more likely to be globaly optimal among all designs if the prior distribution is symmetric and is concentrated around its mean.     

Working with Homeless Populations to Increase Access to Services: A Social Service Providers’ Perspective Through the Lens of Stereotyping and Stigma

Through the lens of stereotyping and stigma, this article examines discrimination and prejudice toward homeless families from the perspective of social service providers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with practitioners. A critical social work practice perspective is used to provide a framework for understanding how social worker knowledge about discrimination and prejudice informs the ways in which the workers engage with clients, build capacities, and advocate for clients in an anti-oppressive manner. The themes found in this study include: a) providers’ awareness of bias, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination; b) providers’ use of a range of strategies to work with people experiencing homelessness; c) providers’ ideas about strategies that organizations can implement for service provision; and) providers’ belief that additional advocacy and policy are needed in relationship to people experiencing homelessness.     

现代景观设计艺术问题与对策

本文将景观设计艺术作为一种社会文化现象,而非理性的技术设计过程进行分析,通过公众价值判断标准来反思现代景观设计艺术中人、文化、景观、社会、自然的相互影响,尝试分析造成中国现代景观设计艺术文化失忆、生态错位、经济浪费、功能残缺、审美缺失五大问题的成因,并探寻改善上述问题的可能性途径。     

Designing and implementing an evaluation of a national work support program

Welfare reforms in the 1990s have shifted governments around the world towards financial assistance conditional on work. While large-scale rigorous research on welfare-to-work programs has demonstrated effectiveness towards employment in other countries, no such micro-level evaluation of a policy has ever been conducted in Singapore. This article describes the process of developing a large experimental evaluation of the Work Support Program, which the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports started in 2006. The lessons learned from planning and implementing the research can be helpful to future researchers in negotiating long-term rigorous evaluations in an environment where collaborators lack sufficient research knowledge. Insights include ways to focus on the essentials, find alternative experimental designs, collaborate effectively, and adapt instruments across cultures.     

法律术语一词多译研究——以《物权法》中名词性术语英译为例

法律术语是指在法律语境中表示相对单一概念的专门用语,具有准确性、专门性、单义性等特点。结合法律概念和型式分析,研究名词性法律术语英译在实践中的一词多译现象。基于自建语料库,对《物权法》及其三个英文译本进行检索,总结其中名词性术语英译的混乱程度,从词义和普通语法角度对一词多译现象进行分类,辨析一些典型的误译和错译。为减少一词多译带来的译文质量问题,从法律文本功能的角度分析法律语言的应然特点并梳理了一些法律翻译策略,总结了若干名词性法律术语英译技巧。译者应遵循一个总体原则"不要人为制造歧义,但要保持原文的歧义",具体有三种解决方案：改变源语、创造新词、保持一致性。     

A NOTE ON “COMMON DUE WINDOW SCHEDULING”

Kramer and Lee recently addressed a common due window scheduling problem with earliness and tardiness penalties, where earliness and tardiness penalty factors are constant and the common window size is given. They showed that the problem is polynomial when the location of the due window is a decision variable. For the case where the location of the due window is given, the problem is also polynomial when the latest due date is greater than or equal to the makespan, and they proposed a pseudopolynomial dynamic programming algorithm to find an optimal schedule when the latest due date is less than the makespan. In this note we address the problem for the case where the location of the due window is given. Specifically, we show that the problem is polynomial if the window location is unrestricted, and present a more efficient dynamic program algorithm to optimally solve the problem if the window location is restricted. The concepts of unrestricted and restricted window locations are defined in this note.     

Advancement in social work education: fostering a supportive environment for students of non-dominant racial and ethnic backgrounds

Doctoral students from non-dominant racial and ethnic backgrounds continue to be underrepresented in programs of social work despite efforts to increase student diversity. This paper highlights the unique challenges experienced by non-dominant racial and ethnic students and offers suggestions for addressing retention and attrition concerns among these students across systems within doctoral social work programs. The authors identify structural inequalities, marginalization, discrimination, minority stress, and lack of support as potential barriers to student success. Suggestions for increasing diversity and retention are rooted in critical multiculturalism and involvement theory, emphasizing institutional change, socialization, recruitment, and social support.