Blocking Rumor by Cut

In this paper, a rumor blocking problem is studied with an objective function which is neither submodular or supermodular. We will prove that this problem is NP-hard and give a data-dependent approximation with sandwich method. In addition, we show that every set function has a pair of monotone nondecreasing modular functions as upper bound and lower bound, respectively.     

ENTERTAINING MALTHUS: BREAD,CIRCUSES, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Motivated by the basic adage that man does not live by bread alone, we offer a theory of historical economic growth and population dynamics where human beings need food to survive, but enjoy other things, too. Our model imposes a Malthusian constraint on food, but introduces a second good to the analysis that affects living standards without affecting population growth. We show that technological change does a good job explaining historical consumption patterns and population dynamics, including the Neolithic Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and the Great Divergence. Our theory stands in contrast to models that assume a single composite good and a Malthusian constraint. These models generate negligible growth prior to the Industrial Revolution. However, recent revisions to historical data show that historical living standards—though obviously much lower than today's—varied over time and space much more than previously thought. These revisions include updates to Maddison's dataset, which served as the basis for many papers taking long‐run stagnation as a point of departure. This new evidence suggests that the assumption of long‐run stagnation is problematic. Our model shows that when we give theoretical accounting of these new observations the Industrial Revolution is much less puzzling. (JEL B10, I31, J1, N1, O30)     

Racial diversity, minority concentration, and trust in Canadian urban neighborhoods

Using a sample of 42,329 respondents nested within 4254 Canadian urban neighborhoods, this study demonstrates the conceptual and empirical importance of making a distinction between neighborhood racial diversity and minority concentration, and examines how each is uniquely associated with trust. Our analysis shows that at a given level of racial minority concentration, Whites are more trusting when their minority neighbors are more evenly distributed across racial minority groups. Meanwhile, Whites are less trusting as the neighborhood share of racial minorities increases. Overall, the effect of racial minority concentration tends to prevail over that of racial diversity.     

黑格尔市民社会理论探析

黑格尔明确区分了市民社会与政治国家,开启了市民社会理论的现代转向。自由理念的实现依次经历了家庭、市民社会、国家三个环节。市民社会的成员既相互独立,每个人都以自身为目的,又相互依赖,每个人都以他人为手段。国家超越并提升了家庭和市民社会。市民社会内含需要的体系、司法、警察和同业公会三个环节。黑格尔的市民社会理论存在着难以克服的缺陷：颠倒了政治国家与市民社会的关系,对两者的区分存在不彻底性,忽视了文化批判领域,存在着国家至上主义倾向。     

中国人"命"即命运观念的形成

中国"命"即命运观念发生发展的基本线索大致如下:首先,其起源于原始社会,从仰韶文化到龙山文化,这是有实物资料可以证明的中国"命"观念的发生时期.继而,这样一种观念延续至三代,并且此时我们已经可以找到极其丰富的资料.最初始的"命"观念资料来自占卜活动,它在发展中有骨卜、龟卜和筮占的不同形式.相比之下,语词所直接表达的"命"观念要在殷商以后开始出现.无论是占卜所体现的"命"观念,还是语词表达的"命"观念,都可以区分出两条线索:国家命运的线索和个人命运的线索.一般而言,正式文献记载如<尚书>、<诗经>中的<颂>、<雅>部分、<左传>和<国语>的主要部分反映了"命"观念的逐渐下移过程,即总体上是从商周时期的"国家命运",到春秋初年的"诸侯命运",再到春秋后期的"普通人命运".但我们切不可为官方的记录系统所"迷惑".事实上,更为"私密"的占卜手册<易经>就向我们显示或证明了这种状况.此外,诸如<左传>、<国语>中的一些记载也向我们呈现了不少有关"个人命运"观念的消息.中国人命运观中可预知观念和道德观念在殷周时期已经完全定型,西周末年出现了可预知观念和道德观念的否定形式,必然与偶然观念则在春秋时期也已经初具雏形.而我们在春秋晚期所看到的"命"观念实际上已经与儒家和道家的"命"观念完全相同了.     

论民主革命时期党内监察机制及其启示

在民主革命时期,中国共产党一直重视党内监察机制的建设并经历了一个十分复杂曲折的过程:在借鉴中初创,在探索中建立,在曲折中发展,在发展中嬗变.其建立、发展和运作给了我们深刻启示:建立有效的监察机制是中国共产党保持先进性的保障;走自己的路是党内监察机制能否顺利发展的前提;健全党内监察机制是其职能能否充分发挥的关键.     

金融支持大庆地区特色农畜牧业发展的思考

近年来,大庆市各家金融机构对发展我市特色农畜牧业支持力度较大。总体来说,金融驱动成效明显,特色农畜牧业呈现良好发展态势,但农业保险发展滞后、县域金融资源外流、信贷配置效率偏低、融资担保机构缺位的问题应引起关注,应该积极寻求有效办法尽快加以改进和完善。     

论公民学习及其公共性

作为公民成长的一种基本方式,"公民学习"(civic learning)成为20世纪90年代以来西方公民教育理论关注的焦点,以促进公民性为主旨的公民学习本质上是一种公共性活动.公共领域是公民学习的最佳场域.公民获得知识、能力和美德的有效程度取决于他们对公共生活的参与程度.     

纬书政治神话与禹形象的演变

在先秦至汉初的典籍中,禹是一位造福于民的治水英雄和人间君王。在纬书中,禹由凡人转变成充满神奇怪异色彩的受命圣王,从受命治水到受天赐、受天书,再到受舜,禅都是出自天命。纬书中的禹形象对后世史著和小说产生了较大的影响,如《吴越春秋》中禹出生、得天书、遇九尾白狐等情节都源自纬书,《博物志》等志怪小说多采用纬书中的资料。     

刑事证人保护制度正当化探析

刑事诉讼中证人是除当事人以外了解案件情况并向公安司法机关作证的诉讼参与人,而司法实践中证人拒绝作证现象相当普遍。为解决这一司法难题,本文运用比较方法,在借鉴国外经验的基础上,提出设立专门保护机构、完善人身保护措施、建立预防机制等构想。