动词隐含因果性和语篇话题性对回指选择的影响

动词隐含因果性和语篇话题性是制约回指选择的重要因素,但两者对回指选择的影响机制及交互作用仍不明确。语篇生成续写实验表明,动词隐含因果性确实会影响到后续指称对象的选择,并在原因类联结关系中得到加强;当动词语义倾向回指的对象为新引入的实体,而非语篇话题时,其回指倾向最显著。这说明基于给定语境生成语篇的过程遵循省力原则,但与语篇话题性相比,动词隐含因果性对回指倾向的制约更具刚性。     

制度变迁的经济原因与困难 ———使鹿鄂温克族裔文明兴衰的启示

一种文化的衰落背后,往往隐藏着现实的经济力量。使鹿鄂温克族传统文化的衰落,并不主要是因为生态移民政策的失误,也并不是由于对民族文化的保护不足所致,而是因为社会经济条件的变化,使得传统生产方式和相应的制度不再能适应人们的生存需求,而不得不被放弃。资源的日益稀缺,竞争的日益激烈,使人们必须寻找更有效的产权规则。但规则的改变,可能使得原来的强者成为弱者,成为变革的牺牲者或反对者。如何对不同主体的利益给予合理照顾和协调,是制度变革成功的关键。     

论我国职业教育课程的研究取向

课程建设一直是职业教育改革发展的核心议题。把握职业教育课程发展与课程研究的趋势,有利于更好地指导职业教育课程研究者和实践者的行动,促进中国特色现代职业教育提质升级。职业教育课程研究取向是职业教育课程研究者综合运用哲学、心理学以及有关社会、文化等方面的观点形成的对职业教育课程研究的总体认识和把握,是开展职业教育课程研究的方向指引。基于价值论视角,分析我国改革开放以来职业教育课程研究取向的发展,发现其背后有明显的职业教育价值观变迁线索：早期的知识发展取向反映了职业教育课程研究盲从普通教育所追求知识传授的教育价值,就业取向的职教课程研究反映了职业教育促进就业和社会和谐稳定等社会公共产品价值,技术技能取向的职教课程研究则反映了人们对职业教育经济价值的重视。21世纪以来,自我实现取向的职业教育课程研究反映出对职业教育育人价值的认识回归和内涵升华,高技能取向则因应了我国当前经济高质量发展对高技能人才的需求。未来的职业教育课程研究应着力解决适应性难题,平衡多方利益相关者的多元价值诉求,建立多元平衡的职业教育课程价值生态。     

分布式并行服务器中的高性能通信研究

基于快速以太局网中分布式并行服务器通信特点和对网络协议栈的分析,设计并实现了一种分布式操作系统传输协议。该协议在维持通用编程接口的同时,精简网络协议栈底层的冗余操作,减少操作系统干预和协议自维护开销。在8个节点的服务器系统上的测试结果表明,分布式操作系统传输协议获得比用户数据报协议更小的往返延迟和系统开销,应用环境下有约20%的增益,能有力地支持系统扩展和大并发访问服务。     

浅论承揽合同与雇佣合同的区分规则

我国《合同法》对承揽合同作了专章规定,但对雇佣合同未予明确。根据传统理论,涉及不动产的雇佣合同,往往与承揽合同难以区分。《物权法(草案)》没有对我国的不动产范围明确规定。实践中,只有做到对涉及不动产的承揽与(雇佣)合同进行正确有效的判别,方能保护当事人的合法利益,体现社会公平、正义。以一个具体案件为例,建立起雇佣合同和承揽合同的区分体系,并阐述了区分两类合同的实践意义。     

Improving logistic regression on the imbalanced data by a novel penalized log-likelihood function

Logistic regression is estimated by maximizing the log-likelihood objective function formulated under the assumption of maximizing the overall accuracy. That does not apply to the imbalanced data. The resulting models tend to be biased towards the majority class (i.e. non-event), which can bring great loss in practice. One strategy for mitigating such bias is to penalize the misclassification costs of observations differently in the log-likelihood function. Existing solutions require either hard hyperparameter estimating or high computational complexity. We propose a novel penalized log-likelihood function by including penalty weights as decision variables for observations in the minority class (i.e. event) and learning them from data along with model coefficients. In the experiments, the proposed logistic regression model is compared with the existing ones on the statistics of area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve from 10 public datasets and 16 simulated datasets, as well as the training time. A detailed analysis is conducted on an imbalanced credit dataset to examine the estimated probability distributions, additional performance measurements (i.e. type I error and type II error) and model coefficients. The results demonstrate that both the discrimination ability and computation efficiency of logistic regression models are improved using the proposed log-likelihood function as the learning objective.     

历史文化街区焕发新活力的思考——以广州市荔湾区恩宁路为例

我国的城市建设已从增量时代进入存量时代,城市发展进入"城市修补"的阶段。这种城市修补的目的在于阻止城市的衰退,促进城市形成新的发展。城市新发展不但是硬件条件的更新,更重要的是城市中老旧街区的功能新生和焕发结构性新活力。历史文化街区中老旧片区的改造可以说是城市老旧街区功能新生和焕发结构性新活力的典型尝试。本文以广州市荔湾区恩宁路历史文化街区的改造为例,从恩宁路所在的片区背景入手,分析永庆坊改造模式,梳理永庆坊改造模式取得的成绩和存在的问题,在此基础上思考恩宁路老旧街区焕发新活力的路径。     

推行人力资本出资形式需研究的几个法律问题

推行人力资本出资多形式意义非常重大。在制度上需要建构一套完整的体系,这套体系需要包括:人力资本认定要件、人力资本作价方式、人力资本出资范围、人力资本出资比例、人力资本出资转让、人力资本退出机制、人力资本清算程序等内容。人力资本出资形式的研究主要涉及四个方面的法律问题:出资形式的合法性问题、出资额评估方法选择问题、出资法律责任承担问题、出资风险预防问题。     

A New Methodology for Before–After Safety Assessment Using Survival Analysis and Longitudinal Data

The widely used empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) methods for before–after safety assessment are sometimes limited because of the extensive data needs from additional reference sites. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel before–after safety evaluation methodology based on survival analysis and longitudinal data as an alternative to the EB/FB method. A Bayesian survival analysis (SARE) model with a random effect term to address the unobserved heterogeneity across sites is developed. The proposed survival analysis method is validated through a simulation study before its application. Subsequently, the SARE model is developed in a case study to evaluate the safety effectiveness of a recent red‐light‐running photo enforcement program in New Jersey. As demonstrated in the simulation and the case study, the survival analysis can provide valid estimates using only data from treated sites, and thus its results will not be affected by the selection of defective or insufficient reference sites. In addition, the proposed approach can take into account the censored data generated due to the transition from the before period to the after period, which has not been previously explored in the literature. Using individual crashes as units of analysis, survival analysis can incorporate longitudinal covariates such as the traffic volume and weather variation, and thus can explicitly account for the potential temporal heterogeneity.     

宁波主导产业研究

文章从主导产业的界定着手，分析了宁波工业部门的现状构成特点，根据目标与需求规划主导产业，提出主导产业发展与步局思路及相应的政策、措施和支持的建议。