论叶圣陶对我国语言改革的贡献

叶圣陶是一位伟大的语言学家,他认为思想全都依傍语言,语言是思想的定型,语言和思想是“二而一”的;语言是人们交流思想的工具,绝对不能视为小节,我们都应该花气力认真学好;现代汉语语音、词汇、语法的规范化不仅仅是语言问题,它与每一个人的工作、生活及各行各业乃至整个国家机器的运行都直接相关,必须高度重视,努力实践。叶圣陶对语言的本质、功用和汉语规范化诸方面都有深入的研究和精辟的见解,为推进我国语言的纯洁、健康发展做出了杰出贡献。     

关于新农村建设科学规划的思考

加快新农村建设,应以规划为先导,统筹推进科学规划是推进新农村建设的基础.在制定新农村建设规划时,应该立足现实,放眼现代化,始终贯彻科学发展观,在"多予、少取、放活"和"工业反哺农业、城市支持农村"方针的指引下,结合各地实际,全面科学规划,大力推进社会主义新农村建设.     

创新:中国与东盟经贸合作发展的不竭动力

自从1991年中国与东盟建立对话关系以来,中国与东盟经贸合作快速发展,这得益于双方不断创新。组建自由贸易区、举办中国—东盟博览会等均是中国和东盟经贸合作的重大创新举措。尤其是双方积极合作,把新机制、新举措落在了实处,并使之转化成了实实在在的经济利益,惠及中国和东盟各国,乃至整个东亚地区。在今后双方关系发展的新阶段,我们应继续坚持创新,积极增强合作活力。作者建议:双方政府间应继续坚持平等互利、协商一致的原则,应充分发挥非政府组织的作用,企业间合作应以创新为本。坚持开拓创新,中国与东盟经贸合作的发展必将带来“双赢”的局面。     

"积极自由"与"自由个性"——柏林对马克思"自由"概念的误读

马克思的自由概念是扬弃了"积极自由"和"消极自由"的"自由个性"。由于柏林不懂得,马克思是从否定的方面去理解物化的现实的,并且强调的是"抽象的自由"和"现实的自由"之分,从而把马克思的自由概念误解为"积极自由"。在当代中国的语境中,澄清柏林对马克思的误解,科学地阐释马克思的自由概念,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

社会发展和变革的先导——学习党的十六大报告

实践基础上的理论创新是社会发展和变革的前导 ,是整个人类社会历史经验、特别是世界社会主义运动历史经验的科学总结。党的十六大把“三个代表”重要思想写入党章是我们党在实践基础上进行理论创新的最新成果 ,成为引导全国人民全面建设小康社会 ,建设中国特色社会主义 ,实现中华民族伟大复兴的旗帜     

Economic Stress, Quality of Life, and Mortality for the Oldest-Old in China

China??s oldest old population is estimated to quadruple by 2050. Yet, poverty rate for the oldest old has been the highest among all age groups in China. This paper investigates the relationship between economic stress, quality of life, and mortality among the oldest-old in China. Both objective economic hardships and perceived economic strain are examined. We base our investigation on data drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey conducted between 2000 and 2005. Our sample includes 10,972 men and women between the ages of 80 and 105 in 2000. The data show that about 16% of these oldest-old lived under economic stress in 2000. The risk factors that make one vulnerable to economic stress include age, being male, being widowed or never married, being a minority member, having no education, having no living children, and not having children as main source of income, and having no pension. Economic stress is negatively associated with indicators of quality of life, such as the quality of medical care and mental well-being. The poor quality of life contributes to the higher mortality rate for the oldest old who are under economic stress. Results also show that perceived economic strain increases the risk of mortality by 42% in rural areas, even after controlling for basic demographic characteristics, life style factors, and major health events.?For the rural oldest-old, having children as a main source of income and having access to pension alleviates the negative impact of economic hardship on mortality hazard by 23 and 66% respectively. However, in urban areas, economic stress has no direct impact on the hazard of mortality.     

CeO2／蛇纹石体系对饮用水的脱氟行为研究

本文探讨了利用均相沉淀法制备的二氧化铈的脱氟行为,并利用蛇纹石作为载体,对CeO2/蛇纹石体系的除氟行为及最佳条件进行了进一步的研究,结果表明：均相沉淀法得到的二氧化铈除氟效率高,除氟容量可达11.76mg/g。以二氧化铈;蛇纹石为1：10的混合体系的除氟容量大大高于其他方法处理过的蛇纹石体系,其附近氟容量达到0.568mg/g。     

Causal structure among US corn futures and regional cash prices in the time and frequency domain

This study investigates causal structure among daily Chicago Board of Trade corn futures prices and seven regional cash series from Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas for January 2006–March 2011. Their wavelet transformed series are further analyzed for causal relationships at different time scales. Empirical results indicate no causality among states or between the futures and a cash series for time scales shorter than one month. As scales increase but do not exceed a year, bidirectional causal flows are determined among all prices. The information leadership role of the futures against a cash price is identified for the scale longer than one year and raw series, at which no interstate causality is found.     

Rank aggregation using latent-scale distance-based models

Rank aggregation aims at combining rankings of a set of items assigned by a sample of rankers to generate a consensus ranking. A typical solution is to adopt a distance-based approach to minimize the sum of the distances to the observed rankings. However, this simple sum may not be appropriate when the quality of rankers varies. This happens when rankers with different backgrounds may have different cognitive levels of examining the items. In this paper, we develop a new distance-based model by allowing different weights for different rankers. Under this model, the weight associated with a ranker is used to measure his/her cognitive level of ranking of the items, and these weights are unobserved and exponentially distributed. Maximum likelihood method is used for model estimation. Extensions to the cases of incomplete rankings and mixture modeling are also discussed. Empirical applications demonstrate that the proposed model produces better rank aggregation than those generated by Borda and the unweighted distance-based models.

     

Towards Uniformly Efficient Trend Estimation Under Weak/Strong Correlation and Non‐stationary Volatility

In this paper, we consider the deterministic trend model where the error process is allowed to be weakly or strongly correlated and subject to non‐stationary volatility. Extant estimators of the trend coefficient are analysed. We find that under heteroskedasticity, the Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator (with some initial condition) could be less efficient than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) when the process is highly persistent, whereas it is asymptotically equivalent to OLS when the process is less persistent. An efficient non‐parametrically weighted Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator is then proposed. The efficiency is uniform over weak or strong serial correlation and non‐stationary volatility of unknown form. The feasible estimator relies on non‐parametric estimation of the volatility function, and the asymptotic theory is provided. We use the data‐dependent smoothing bandwidth that can automatically adjust for the strength of non‐stationarity in volatilities. The implementation does not require pretesting persistence of the process or specification of non‐stationary volatility. Finite‐sample evaluation via simulations and an empirical application demonstrates the good performance of proposed estimators.