中国人口学会第七届会员代表大会暨第九次全国人口科学讨论会综述及学会领导机构名单

2007年12月28～29日,中国人口学会第七届会员代表大会暨第九次全国人口科学讨论会在北京中苑宾馆隆重开幕.参加会议的有第九届全国人大常委会副委员长、中国人口学会第六届会长彭佩云,国家人口计生委主任张维庆,国家人口计生委党组书记、副主任李斌,副主任王培安以及各地人口学会的代表.会议主要由三部分组成:开幕式,学术研讨会和换届选举.大会结束后,第七届学会常务理事会举行了第一次会议.     

一个多民族文学融合互动的范本——《述善集》文学文献价值考述

“Tangwu” is an alternative name for the descendants of the Xixia dynasty. In 1227 AD, a number of these Xixia descendants moved inland after the destruction of the Xixia Dynasty by the Mongolians. One group of them migrated to the area near Puyang, Henan Province. Tangwu Chongxi ( Yang Chongxi ) of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shu San Ji, which is divided into three volumes: Shansu, Yucai and Xingshi, and appended with the biography of Boyan Zongdao. It reflects the historical origins, social class, living conditions and the relations with the Han people of the descendants of the Dangxiangqiang minority af-ter they moved to Puyang. This book attracted a lot of attention in academic circles, and it was there-fore reorganized and published in 1985 after being treasured by the people for more than 600 years. It has high academic value for its comprehensive his-torical records. We can not only acquaint ourselves with the history of the make-up of the Chinese na-tion, but also research this diversity from multiple perspectives, such as history, nationality and folk-lore . That is why it has drawn so much attention a-mong academic researchers. The book contains po-ems, prose and biographies, which belong to dif-ferent celebrated scholars from different ethnic mi-norities, all of whom had relationships with Tang-wu Chongxi. It is also a typical model of Qiang-Han literature, which is very rare. This paper gives a preliminary exploration on the book, and shows a small part of its comprehensive value. Shu San Ji is not a merely personal collec-tion, but is also different from general literature collections. The compilation of the book took a long time. Shu San Ji Xuxie ( Continuation of Shu San Ji) , written by Zhang Yining, was finished in the 18 th year of the Zhizheng Period in the Yuan Dynasty (1358), which indicates that the Shu San Ji had already been finished by that time . Zeng wuwei chushi yangxiangxian xu ( Presented to Chu Shi Yang Xingxian·Preface ) , written by Wei Su and finished in the 24 th year of Zhizheng ( 1364 ) , suggests that the Shu San Ji had been compiled in-to a book by that time, and that it was compiled with the compositions of social celebrities of the time. However, the Shu San Ji, as it has been handed down to us today, includes the Song Yang-gong Xiangxian gui Tanyuan xu ( Preface of Send-ing Yanggong Xiangxian Back to Tanyuan) by Tao Kai, written in March in the 5 th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty ( 1372 ) . It indicates that Yang Xiangxian kept on collecting articles even after the book was finished. The Xu yangshi yiji ( Preface of Yang’s Last Collection) by Wang Chongqing, writ-ten in the 6th year of Jiajing (1527), indicates that the Shu San Ji was still being written after Yang Chongxi’s death. At the end of the Shu San Ji , Boyang Zongdao zhuan ( Biography of Boyang Zongdao) and Weiti shi (Poems) were collected in the 16 th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1629), respectively. It suggests that the
Shu San Ji had been supplemented and continually recompiled since Yang Chongxi firstly finished his book in 1358. After 271 years, in 1629, the Shu San Ji, as we read it today, was finally comple-ted. Through the basic components of the Shu San Ji,readers can understand that the Tangwu family was a harmonious, multi-ethnic family. A number of multi-ethnic writers spent long periods compos-ing works collected in the Shu San Ji and Tangwu Chongxi was also influenced by China’s diverse culture and traditional Confucian culture. The work is strongly connected with his study in Guozixue. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the restora-tion of the imperial examinations promoted Confucianism’s influence further. Pan Di, as Tang-wu Chongxi’s teacher in Guozixue, wrote most arti-cles in the Shu San Ji, which shows their close re-lationship and his influences on Tangwu Chongxi’s literature and Confucian studies. Tangwu Chongxi and others’ works reflected their sense of admira-tion for and deep feelings for their Dangxiang an-cestors, but more so helped to propagate the con-cepts of Confucian edification, diligence, thrifti-ness and benevolence, and some of them did so in a very polemic way. For example, Boyan Zongdao wrote the Jiefu xu ( preface of “Jiefu”) and Tang-wu Chongxi wrote the Jiefu houxu ( epilogue of“Jiefu”) , which reflect the social reality and ide-ology of all scholars with different ethnic back-grounds at that time. His work, “Tangwu gong-bei” fushi ( Poem inscribed on Tangwu Tablet ) , was written in a plain and authentic way and showed that he always remembered his origins and his ethnic desire to inherit the family’s heritage. Meanwhile , it was also mixed with the popular ide-as of upholding the honor of their ancestors from the central plains and Han areas, which shows the
editorial purpose of the Shu San Ji and also dem-onstrates the value of Chinese multi-ethnic litera-ture and cultural integration.     

就业优先:以"公平而有质量"的教育 在民族地区阻断贫困代际传递

“发展教育脱贫一批”是在民族地区实现共同富裕的重要方针。然而在“教育改变命运”的共识之外,布迪厄认为教育一代代地维持着对社会中下阶层的不公平的“文化再生产”理论,被一些学者应用于对我国少数民族教育的研究。如在“三区三州”等民族地区,代际间的贫困传递难以阻断,因家庭文化资本弱势而造成子女求学、求职受阻,看似可用“贫困文化的再生产”予以概括,但笔者不同意直接套用西方理论认定中国存在“教育不公平”的论述。因为我国社会实际与布氏提出“学校教育再生产社会阶层结构”观点之环境不同,有多项教育政策在切实保障着少数民族通过“教育改变命运”——当前在我国民族地区实现教育公平的主要障碍,并非 “文化再生产”的结构性阻力,而在于就业环节的阶段性困难。教育公平可分为起点、过程和结果三个环节,民族地区经多年教育扶贫,“起点”入学机会和“过程”教育质量已明显改善,而作为“结果”的就业环节亟待改善。以“就业优先”方针多渠道扩大少数民族就业,可激发内生动力、促进市场融入、巩固减贫成效和精准防控返贫,是助少数民族自主掌握教育“社会阶梯”和阻断贫困代际传递的有效路径。     

“十七年”时期中国少数民族题材电影的共同意识叙事

以“共同意识”作为切入点,采用较为深度的泛文本语境方法,对“十七年”时期少数民族题材电影作品进行叙事层面的剖析,尝试对其间的话语策略进行归纳,并着重探讨其如何通过影像化、故事化叙述共同历史、共同故事,诠释民族关系和党的民族理论与政策,探讨影像与时代话语间的互动关系,分析个体身份与中华民族认同的建构路径。这一时期有着独特的叙事话语方式,总是倾向于以国家话语统合族群、家庭观念,以家国情感取代个体情感,以阶级认同重构他者阵营、以阶级矛盾替代故事冲突从而实现国家意识形态融入民族题材的书写;其间旖旎多姿的少数民族地域风光再现、与汉杂糅的少数民族民俗风情再造、敢于斗争的少数民族女性形象塑造,又在一定程度上成就了民族话语对国家话语兼容之下的“黄金年代”,并成为时代符号而深深嵌入一代观众的集体记忆当中;还多采用黑暗与光明的象征、身体与疾病的隐喻、身份与认同的建构等方式进行共同文化的叙事。经由国家话语的规训、民族话语的兼容以及“国族、家国同构”的话语体系,如何建构关于新中国的文化想象与共同体想象,塑造出一个通过异域空间、民族风情、人物形象等景观展示出来的“共和国”,将各民族同胞通过少数民族题材电影凝聚在一起,通过“讲述过去”“讲述当下”,进而“塑造未来”,从而印证“意识形态工具是‘十七年’时期少数民族题材电影的话语本质”这一结论。     

李安宅未刊手稿《十年来美国的人类学》及其解读

李安宅撰写的《十年来美国的人类学》是其在美讲学期间应国内人类学家卫惠林、何联奎所约而作,论述了1938-1947年美国人类学的理论进展及其学科特性,梳理了美国人类学界相关人物的动态和主要的书刊。这一观察海外人类学进展的重要文献,具有重要的学术史料价值。文章首次披露李安宅手稿全文,并对其写作背景及该文所透露的有关问题略作讨论。     

社会转型期助人被讹现象的人类学分析

历史经验表明,现代化过程往往会导致传统与现代在价值观、道德判断和行为规范方面的冲突;当代中国也不可避免要经历这些变化。通过分析助人被讹现象的特点、社会原因和道德后果,试图揭示社会转型期间两种伦理体系的冲突及其对个体行动者的影响。文章将首先考察"做好事被讹"现象的主要特征。大多数讹人者都是那些本该获得同情和帮助的年长者。再将探讨"做好事被讹"现象对社会的多方面影响,认为"做好事被讹"事件尽管少有发生,但它对社会信任、同情和道德互惠原则造成了重创。最后探究导致这种令人恼火的行为产生的多种社会原因,也广泛讨论了当代中国社会的道德风貌。     

铸牢中华民族共同体意识之民歌价值彰显

民歌作为中华民族音乐文化的重要组成部分,是承载各民族集体记忆、凝聚共同情感的重要媒介,对于中华民族共同体建设发挥着不可替代的重要作用。立足民歌特有属性,以多民族共同历史记忆和文化生活为基础创作的民歌具有强化国民集体记忆、激发国民集体意识、赋予国民共同情感体验的重要价值。借助民歌自身的调式、旋律和唱词的特性,国民在奏唱、演绎民歌的过程中被持续赋能,并藉此深化其归属感知、抒发民族情感和强化国民身份。基于此,以民歌助推铸牢中华民族共同体意识价值的彰显需依托学校音乐课堂,深挖各族民歌育人价值;多方式创编各族民歌,彰显各族民歌共有精神;借助新媒体科技,多途径唱响民族团结主旋律。     

博览群书 自铸伟辞──司马迁运用图书文献写《史记》管见

本文探讨司马迁如何运用图书文献写《史记》的问题。司马迁利用皇家图书馆的有利条件，秉承家学渊源，有计划地阅读了大量的六经异传和百家之书，并实地考察天下历史地理，成为博览群书的饱学之士。在此基础上，他博采经传百家材料，自铸一家之言，写成了《史记》这部史学的宏篇巨制，表现出既善于吸取又长于创造的大家风范。     

“入世”后我国工商行政管理部门对外商市场主体的监管

加入WTO后 ,我国的工商行政管理部门将围绕着政策的统一和透明、市场准入、国民待遇和公平竞争等原则和规则 ,调整和改变自己的职能、结构和管理方式 ,对外商的市场主体行为进行监督和管理 ,维护一个公平竞争有序的市场体系 ,确保国家经济的安全和稳定增长     

琼崖革命的历史转折点——内洞山会议

内洞 山会议是琼崖革 命在危急关头 召开的一次会议 。会议解决了３ 个重 大问 题：１ ．在政 治上，纠正了“城市 中心论”的错误 ；２ ．在军事 上，认识了游击 战的特殊 意义；３ ．在 组织 上确立了冯白驹 的领导地位。会议 具有重大的历 史意义：１ ．挽救了琼崖党 组织和革 命；２ ．形成 了以冯白驹为首 的坚强的领导核 心；３ ．开 创了琼崖革命的 新局面。